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The Republic of China (Taiwan)

The Republic of China (Taiwan). Republic of China 1912. First republic in Asia First president: Sun Yat-sen (1866 - 1925). ROC Constitution (1946). First constitutional president (1948 - 1975): Chiang Kai-shek (1887 - 1975) Defeated by CCP in 1949 Retreated to Taiwan

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The Republic of China (Taiwan)

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  1. The Republic of China (Taiwan)

  2. Republic of China 1912 • First republic in Asia • First president: Sun Yat-sen (1866 - 1925)

  3. ROC Constitution (1946) • First constitutional president (1948 - 1975): Chiang Kai-shek (1887 - 1975) • Defeated by CCP in 1949 • Retreated to Taiwan • Authoritarian rule for a quarter century

  4. ROC Government • President (4-year term after 1996) • The Five ``Yuan”: • Executive Yuan • Legislative Yuan • Judicial Yuan • Examination Yuan • Control Yuan • 2 Provinces and 18 counties

  5. Taiwan before 1949 • Immigration from mainland China for centuries (Fujian and Hakka) • 1885, Qing government promoted Taiwan from prefecture to province • 1895, ceded to Japan • 1945, returned to Republic of China • ``Taiwanese” versus ``mainlanders” • Fujian 70%, Hakka 15%, ``mainlanders” 13%

  6. Taiwan & Islands • Area: 13,900 square miles • Population: 23 million

  7. Chiang Kai-shek’s Rule • Popular elections at the basic level • Land reform • 9-year compulsory education • Economic take-off from 1960s • Export processing zones attract foreign direct investment • Industrialization strengthens manufacturing sector

  8. Chiang’s One-China Policy • ``Mainland was temporarily usurped by communist bandits” • ``Gloriously retake the mainland” • Refused diplomatic relations with any country that recognized PRC • ROC was a permanent member of UN Security Council until 1971

  9. Lee Teng-hui (1923 - ) • Succeeded Chiang Kai-shek’s son as president of ROC and chairman of GMD in 1988 • Became the first popularly elected president of ROC in 1996 • Helped Democratic Progressive Party gain power in 2000

  10. Chen Shui-bian (1950 - ) • Leader of the pro-independent Democratic Progressive Party • President of ROC 2000-2008 • Prisoner #2630 since 2008-11-12

  11. Diplomatic Tug of War • 162 countries recognize PRC (Beijing) as the legitimate government of China • 8 (’49) 32 (’59) 49 (’69) 113 (’79) 129 (’89) • 29 countries recognize ROC (Taipei) as the legitimate government of China

  12. US Official Policy • US government shifted diplomatic recognition from ROC to PRC in 1979 • US congress passed Taiwan Relations Act in 1979 • American Institute in Taiwan • Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Offices in US

  13. Economic Ties • Trade and investment expanded rapidly despite restrictions by ROC government • Workaround: Hong Kong and Macau • ``Three links”: • mail, transportation, and trade • Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) was signed in 2010

  14. In 2012, Taiwan’s exports to Mainland China was $132 billion, and imports from Mainland China was $37 billion.

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