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Islam in North Africa

Quaestio : Is oral tradition a trustworthy source of history? Nunc Agenda : Work as a group to read Keepers of History in order to discuss the question at the bottom. Islam in North Africa. Islam spread across North Africa during the Umayyad expansion in the 7th and 8th centuries

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Islam in North Africa

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  1. Quaestio: Is oral tradition a trustworthy source of history?Nunc Agenda:Work as a group to read Keepers of History in order to discuss the question at the bottom

  2. Islam in North Africa • Islam spread across North Africa during the Umayyad expansion in the 7th and 8th centuries • The mostly nomadic Berbers of the Sahara quickly embraced Islam and created several states of their own over the following centuries • Through the Gold-Salt trade, the Berbers introduced Islam to West Africa

  3. West African Societies • Many Sub-Saharan societies practiced African Folk Religions (local religious traditions and customs) which were usually animistic (focused on spirits, nature, and ancestors) • When Islam reached West Africa, it often blended with and adjusted to local beliefs, known as religious syncretism... for example: • Continued to believe in and even worship nature spirits, now called Jinns (Arabic word for demonic spirits) • Gender and clothing norms of Islamic society loosely enforced in West Africa

  4. Islam in the Gold Kingdoms • During the Ghana Empire, the rulers adopted Islam, but only a few of the people • During the Mali Empire, Mansa Musa went for Hajj, and brought back scholars to Timbuktu to help better educate people on orthodox Islam, and more people converted, though there were still many pre-Islamic practices • During the Songhai Empire, Islam became the main religion of the government and the people, with syncretism decreasing

  5. Mansa Musa- King of Mali Richest Man In History

  6. Mansa Musa Went on Hajj to Mecca

  7. Sundiata

  8. Timbuktu- Capital of Mali, center of trade and learning

  9. TRADE!

  10. Rulers of Songhai Askia Muhammad Sonni Ali

  11. Griots: Keepers of History • Oral tradition, passing down stories of the past generation to generation, has existed for much longer than written history and is still used today in many societies • In West Africa, storytellers called Griots (Djeli in the local language) sing the history of their ancestors, and pass down the traditions from father to son, playing a string instrument called the Kora

  12. Griots: Keepers of History • While Western historians once rejected Griots as a source of history, considering it nothing but legend, they are now much more open to learning from them • The most famous story is that of Sundiata, the founder of the Kingdom of Mali

  13. Sundiata- Founder of Mali

  14. SundiataEpic of Mali • As a group of four, review the questions, and then work together to recite the story of Sundiata aloud. As you read, annotate information that might help you answer the questions, and feel free to pause to discuss and write responses. You will be assessed based on the group collaboration component of the class work rubric

  15. Who was Ibn Battuta?

  16. Who was Ibn Battuta?

  17. Who was Ibn Battuta?

  18. Who was Ibn Battuta?

  19. Ibn Battuta: World Traveler • Ibn Battuta was Berber Muslim traveler and scholar from Tangier, Morocco in North Africa • He traveled farther than Marco Polo, setting out for Hajj in 1325 at age 21 and continuing to journey throughout Asia, Europe, and Africa • He received education in Egypt, served as a judge in India, an ambassador in Mongol China, escaped the spread of the plague, and even spent time in the kingdom of Mali • He recorded the stories of his travels in the Rihla, which helps us today to learn about a wide variety of regions during the Post-Classical period • The full title was “A Gift to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities and the Marvels of Traveling” • His perspective was from an outsider’s point of view

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