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19.2 – China Limits European Contacts

19.2 – China Limits European Contacts. Ming Dynasty. Turn China into a dominant power Established vassal states in Korea & SE Asia = tributes 1368: Hongwu drives the Mongols out of China = 1 st Ming ruler Restores agriculture & erases Mongol influences

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19.2 – China Limits European Contacts

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  1. 19.2 – China Limits European Contacts

  2. Ming Dynasty • Turn China into a dominant power • Established vassal states in Korea & SE Asia = tributes • 1368: Hongwu drives the Mongols out of China = 1stMing ruler • Restores agriculture & erases Mongol influences • Promotes irrigation, fish farming, & growth of commercial crops for trade

  3. Ming (cont.) • Hongwu encouraged return to Confucian standards • Returns government to merit-based civil exam • Becomes a tyrant late in his rule • 1398: Yonglo (son) takes power • Moves court to Beijing • Strived to reach the outside world = 7 voyages to show off China’s power

  4. Voyages of Zheng He • Chinese Muslim Admiral • Leads all of Yonglo’s expeditions • Range from SE Asia to E Africa • Massive fleets w/ treasure ships • Distributes gifts to peoples = Chinese power • Gains vast amounts of tribute for China

  5. Foreign Relations • China practiced isolation • Foreign trade only by government • Trade remains profitable = smugglers • China doesn’t industrialize • 1) Offends Confucian beliefs • 2) Favor agriculture • Christian missionaries bring European culture

  6. Qing Dynasty • 1644: Manchus invade China = Qing Dynasty • Qing not Chinese = rebellions • Keep Confucian beliefs & social structure • Restore prosperity & defend/expand borders • Kangxi – lowers taxes & welcomes Jesuits = advancements • Qian-Long – Rules China at its greatest size & power

  7. Isolation • China = Cultural Center of the Universe • Foreigners could only trade at special ports & paid tribute • Accepted the Dutch as trade partners • Traded with Britain, but faced problems over tribute/respect • 1800s: Europeans chip away until restrictions fall

  8. Manchu Korea • 1636: Manchus conquer Korea = vassal state • Government organized by Confucian principles • Adopt Chinese tech, culture, and isolation • Nationalist ideals develop from Manchu invasion & Japanese attacks • Want for sovereignty

  9. Life in China • 1600-1700s: Peace & prosperity • Irrigation & fertilizer increases • Grow more & new crops brought by Europe = population explosion • Corn, potatoes, etc. • Females not valued in China, males favored • Often infants are killed • Ming & Qing culture follow old traditions

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