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Republic of Angola

Republic of Angola. Formerly: People’s Republic of Angola Michael Miles Spring 2010. Coming Attractions. Quick Facts Context History Why should the United States care about Angola? The Real Picture ~23 minute documentary of Angola Angola Educational Structure

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Republic of Angola

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  1. Republic of Angola Formerly: People’s Republic of Angola Michael Miles Spring 2010

  2. Coming Attractions • Quick Facts • Context • History • Why should the United States care about Angola? • The Real Picture • ~23 minute documentary of Angola • Angola Educational Structure • Angola Educational Statistics • Remaining Questions and Discussion

  3. Quick Facts • Population: 18.5 million (UN, 2009) • Capital: Luanda • Size: 481,354 square miles (approximately twice the size of Texas (www.insidervlv.com/landmass.html)) • Languages: Portuguese (official language), Umbundu, Kimbundu, Kikongo, Bantu (indigenous language) • Religion: Christianity • Life Expectancy: 45 years (men), 49 years (women) • Median age: 18 • 0-14 years: 43.5% (2,812,359 male, 2,759,047 female) • 15-64 years: 53.7% (3,496,726 male, 3,382,440 female) • 65 + years: 2.7% (153,678 male, 195, 043 female) • 2009 estimates, (CIA - The World Factbook -- Angola. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2010, from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ao.html) • Main Exports: Oil, diamonds, minerals, coffee, fish, timber • Gross National Income: $3,450 US (World Bank, 2008) BBC News - Angola country profile. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2010, from http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1063073.stm

  4. Additional Context • Natural Resources: petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium • Natural Hazards: locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau • Environmental Issues: overuse of pastures, erosion, desertification, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, inadequate water supply • Population Growth: 2.095% in 2009 • Birth Rate: 43.69 births/1,000 population • Death Rate: 24.08 deaths/1,000 population • HIV/AIDS: 190,000 people living with HIV/AIDS; 2.1% of adults have HIV/AIDS • GDP: $113.9 billion (country comparison to the world: 62) • GDP Growth Rate: -0.2% • Population Below Poverty Line: 40.5% • Labor Force: 7.769 million • 85% Agriculture • 15% Industry and services CIA - The World Factbook -- Angola. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2010, from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ao.html

  5. History • 1483 • Diogo Cao, Portuguese Colonization • White minority rule • Major source of slaves for Portugal’s colony in Brazil (Neto & Jamba, 2006) • 1961 • Armed struggles in pursuit of independence began • 1975 • End of 14-year war (Neto & Jamba, 2006) • Portugal withdrawal ended; ending the first and most enduring European overseas empire Sidaway, J. D., & Simon, D. (1993). Geopolitical transition and state formation: The changing political geographies of Angola, Mozambique and Namibia. Journal of Southern African Studies, 19(1), 23-39.

  6. History Continued… • 1975 • Two groups of powering peoples begin the foundations of civil war • National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) • Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) This was the group ascending to power • Foreign Support provided by Cuba and Soviet Union to ascending MPLA; US supported UNITA ("BBC News - Angola country profile," n.d.) • 1989 • Civil war continues • Cuba withdraws troops due to cold war fade • Transition to multiparty democracy • 1992 • End of 16 years of civil war; 300,000 people killed ("BBC News - Angola country profile," n.d.) • Free Elections (MPLA representative Jose Eduardo dos Santos versus UNITA Jonas Savimbi; MPLA won by landslide) • UNITA rejected outcome of elections and civil war resumed ("BBC News - Angola country profile," n.d.) Neto, A., & Jamba, I. (2006). Economic reforms in Angola in the general context of Africa. OECD Journal on Budgeting, 6(2), 153-164.

  7. History Continued… • 1994 • Peace agreement • UN sent peacekeepers • 1999 • After fighting continued, peacekeepers withdrew BBC News - Angola country profile. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2010, from http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/- /2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1063073.stm • 2002 • MPLA troops kill UNITA leader Jonas Savimbi • April 4: rebel leaders sign cease-fire; civil war official ends • Journeyman Press (video we will watch) comments that fighting actually ceased in 2005, ending a 27-year long civil war Neto, A., & Jamba, I. (2006). Economic reforms in Angola in the general context of Africa. OECD Journal on Budgeting, 6(2), 153-164.

  8. Why should the United States care about Angola? America's New Frontier- Angola (Journeyman Pictures)

  9. Educational Structure Pre-1990s Bauduy, L. (2008). The educational system of Angola. In International Education Association of South Africa- IEASA (12th Annual Conference). Boston, MA: Educational Credential Evaluators, Inc.

  10. Current Educational Structure Compulsory Education: 4 years ("NationMaster - Angolan Education statistics," n.d.) Enrollment: 1,057,181 ("NationMaster - Angolan Education statistics," n.d.) Bauduy, L. (2008). The educational system of Angola. In International Education Association of South Africa- IEASA (12th Annual Conference). Boston, MA: Educational Credential Evaluators, Inc. Enrollment: 413,695 ("NationMaster - Angolan Education statistics," n.d.) Enrollment: 12,566 ("NationMaster - Angolan Education statistics," n.d.)

  11. Current Higher Education Bauduy, L. (2008). The educational system of Angola. In International Education Association of South Africa- IEASA (12th Annual Conference). Boston, MA: Educational Credential Evaluators, Inc.

  12. Higher Education Institutions INHEA | Angola Higher Education Profile. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2010, from http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/inhea/profiles/Angola.htm

  13. Higher Education Statistics INHEA | Angola Higher Education Profile. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2010, from http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/inhea/profiles/Angola.htm

  14. Education Statistics • Education expenditures: 2.4% of GDP in 2005 ("CIA - The World Factbook -- Angola," n.d.) • Education expenditure of government as percentage: 6.4% • Children out of primary school: 752,989 • 39% of pupils starting grade 1 reach grade 5 • Literacy • Definition: age 15 and over can read and write • Total population: 67.4% • Female: 54.2% • Male: 82.9% NationMaster - Angolan Education statistics. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2010, from http://www.nationmaster.com/red/country/ao-angola/edu-education&all=1

  15. Questions and Discussion • Why should we care? • What can we learn from a country with such poor educational levels? • What influence does context have on the educational structure? • What have other countries contributed to Angola’s efforts (or lack thereof) to rebuild/reform education?

  16. References • Angola - EDUCATION. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2010, from http://countrystudies.us/angola/80.htm • Angola - EDUCATION - Conditions after Independence. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2010, from http://countrystudies.us/angola/81.htm • Angola - Education in UNITA-Claimed Territory. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2010, from http://countrystudies.us/angola/82.htm • Bauduy, L. (2008). The educational system of Angola. In International Education Association of South Africa- IEASA (12th Annual Conference). Boston, MA: Educational Credential Evaluators, Inc. • BBC News - Angola country profile. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2010, from http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1063073.stm • CIA - The World Factbook -- Angola. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2010, from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ao.html • Foreign Country Land Mass Compared to United States. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2010, from http://www.insidervlv.com/landmass.html • INHEA | Angola Higher Education Profile. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2010, from http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/inhea/profiles/Angola.htm • NationMaster - Angolan Education statistics. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2010, from http://www.nationmaster.com/red/country/ao-angola/edu-education&all=1 • Neto, A., & Jamba, I. (2006). Economic reforms in Angola in the general context of Africa. OECD Journal on Budgeting, 6(2), 153-164. • Sidaway, J. D., & Simon, D. (1993). Geopolitical transition and state formation: The changing political geographies of Angola, Mozambique and Namibia. Journal of Southern African Studies, 19(1), 23-39. • Stucke, M. (Writer). (n.d.). America's new frontier- Angola [Television series episode]. In Journeyman pictures. Thames Ditton, Surrey, UK: BBC. Retrieved March 11, 2010, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMOxUZAHNLk&feature=related

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