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Grammar in Context 2 Chapter 7. Infinitives, Modals & If Clauses. Rules for Using Infinitives. We can use an infinitive after the following verbs: Agree, decide, continue, like promise ask expect love refuse attempt forget need remember begin hope plan start learn prefer try.
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Grammar in Context 2Chapter 7 Infinitives, Modals & If Clauses
Rules for Using Infinitives • We can use an infinitive after the following verbs: • Agree, decide, continue, like promise ask expect love refuse attempt forget need remember begin hope plan start learn prefer try. • An infinitive never has a verb ending. • Wrong: He wants to leaves. • Right: He wants to leave.
Infinity & Beyond (Cont.) 3.The to in infinitives is often pronounced ‘’ta’’, or, after a d sound or vowel sound, ’’da’’. Listen to your teacher pronounce these sentences. I don’t like to live in a high-rise building. I’ll try to help you. 4.In fast, informal speech ,want to is often pronounce ‘’wanna’’.Listen to your teacher: I want to go home.is the same with I wanna go home.
Direct & Indirect Objects before Infinitives • Objects: him, me, us…. • We often use objects after the following verbs: • Ask Like Need • Expect Love Want • I want my landlord to paint my apartment. • The teacher wants us to do the homework.
It +Adjective + Infinitive • The adjective goes after the verb “to be” and before the Object (Noun/Pronoun) and the Infinitive phrase, Examples: • It is hard for a newcomer to understand Canadian customs. • It is important for us to practise English. • It isn’t necessary for you to clean the carpet.
Be+Adjective+Infinitive •These are some adjectives that can be followed by an infinitive: afraid happy prepared ready glad lucky proud sad •Some adjectives can be followed by an infinitive in this pattern: Subject Be Adjective Infinitive Phrase I am afraid to go out at night. You are lucky to be in Canada.
Modals – Degree of Possibility • Will 100% • Must • Can • Should/Would • Could • May • Might 10%
Modals in the Negative • May not • Might not All other modals can have contractions. Will not or won’t, would not or wouldn’t Should not or shouldn’t, cannot or can’t Could not or couldn’t, must not or mustn’t
Modals & Infinitives • Don’t use infinitives after a modal – use a root verb. • Wrong: I must to leave. • Right: I must leave. • Wrong: I can to work. • Right: I can work.
More Modal Notes • Modal verbs don’t have endings based on 1st or 3rd person e.g. no – s, -ed, or –ing • He can go. Not: He cans go. • Have to – similar to a modal in meaning but you conjugate it. • He has to leave now. He had to leave yesterday. • We don’t use two modals together. • He may be able to work tonight. NOT: He may can work tonight. • He will have to clean his room. NOT: He will must clean his room.
Modal Madness • Can – shows ability, natural or learned. • I can play baseball. I can cook. • Can – shows possibility. • I can work tomorrow night. I can help you. • Can – negative is cannot (or can’t) • Don’t use can after another modal. Instead use “be able to” • I won’t be able to help you at lunch. NOT: I won’t can help….
Can in the past: • For the past tense use: • Could • Was/were able to • I could have helped you yesterday. • I was able to help you yesterday but you didn’t come for help.
