Grammar in Context 2 Chapter 6

1. Grammar in Context 2Chapter 6 Simple Past and Past Continuous Verb Tenses with Time Clauses

2. How to Form – Past Continuous Tense • I was ___________ + ing • She/He/It was ___________ + ing • You/We/They were ___________ + ing • I was walking. • You were sleeping. • He was eating. • She was singing. • It was raining. • We were shopping. • They were running.

3. Past Continuous Verb Tense • We often use the Past Continuous Verb Tense in a sentence that has 2 clauses. One clause will have the Past Continuous and the other clause will have a time clause. • I was driving when I hit the tree. • He was dreaming about chocolate while his mom was baking his birthday cake.

4. Past Continuous Verb • When using the past continuous verb tense – you chose it because there is an ongoing action that took a length of time in the past, or if there were two actions then one was longer so that one is described with the past continuous verb tense. • I was walking home when I tripped and fell. • Walking home might take 10 minutes but it only took a second to trip, and a second to fall.

5. Past Continuous Verb • We use the past continuous to describe a scene that happened in the past. • I was working hard. I was making cookies, baking bread and singing songs when I dropped the telephone into the sink of water.

6. When + While + Until – Time Words • Use When to show an interruption to the ongoing action • I was walking home when I tripped. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~X xo longer action short action • Use While to show that two ongoing actions were taking place at the same time. • I was sleeping while my mom was baking bread. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

7. Until • Until--one action stops or changes another action. • I wasn’t worrying until I heard that the test was today. (not worrying stopped, now I am worrying) • He was sleeping until his parents came home and started watching tv. (he couldn’t sleep anymore because the tv was too loud)

8. When vs Until • When – at that time OR after that time  X • Until – before that time (the action then stops and changes) 

9. When vs While • When describing a state of being e.g. to be upset, to be happy then use “when” not while. • I was happy when you gave me the love letter. • I was angry when you hit me. • When and While can both be used for actions in the past that took a length of time (duration). - When/While you were playing, I was working. But if you want to show that one action was longer than the other use the past continuous in the main clause only for the longer action. I was working when you went out to play.

10. When vs Whenever • When – at that time or after that time. • Whenever – each time it happens. (which is almost the same as “at that time” just a subtle difference) • Whenever you were late, I worried. • When you were late, I worried. (could be one time, or could be habitual past describing a repeated situation) • Whenever the bells rang, I ran to class. (happened many times and each time I ran) • When the bells rang, I ran to class. (happened one time)

11. PUNCTUATION! If the time clause is first then use a comma! • While he was riding his bike home,his teacher was talking to his mother about his homework. • When you called,I was shopping at the mall. • Questions! When two clauses only the main clause has the verb order inverted (reversed subject verb) – the time clause just has regular word order. Was I snoring when you came home? Were you working late while I was having fun?

12. Verb -- to Be • Don’t use Past Continuous for the verb to be – the continuous is understood. • E.g. no such thing as: • “I was being at work when you called”. • Should be: • “I was at work when you called.”

13. Time & If Clauses with the Future Tense

14. Time with Present Participles

15. More Time Words!

16. Exercises – Yeah time to work! • Make sure you read the readings about Einstein p. 142 and the Canadian Education System p. 147-148. • Exercises #3, 4, & 5 answers only • Exercise #6 all • Exercise #7 answers only • Exercise #8 – 1 – 3 only • Exercise #9 all • Exercises #11 & #12 answers only • Exercises #13 & #14 do 1 – 4 for each • Exercise #15 answers only • Exercise #16 write out whole new sentence