1919-1939 ( 2 decades1920s – 1930s) THE ROAD to W.W.II

1. 1919-1939 ( 2 decades1920s – 1930s) THE ROAD to W.W.II

2. Flags of W.W.II

3. After the Great War Europe after WWI • Millions had been killed. The wounded couldn’t work and needed to be taken care of • Countries were broke so the government could not provide many services • Not enough farmers led to food shortages • Lots were unemployed • There were new countries and new governments • Germany was hit the hardest due to reparation payments mandated by the Treaty of Versailles • Some governments simply printed more money causing massive inflation Inflation: rising prices because of a decline in the value of money HUNGRY PEOPLE are ANGRY people

5. Political Chaos 1920s • Too many political parties caused “chaos” not order • No one group could gain a majority • Leaders couldn’t get anything done because other parties would vote against them • Governments were not powerful enough to solve the country’s problems • Some people thought capitalism had failed and turned to the communist party • RED SCARE: Fear that communists would come to power in any given country and then take over private property

6. Closing Activity: Complete these sentences 1. The years between WWI and WWII were ______________ 2. Major countries in WWII were ___________ 3. Problems in European countries after WWI were___________ 4. Politics in Europe after WWI were in a state of Chaos because ________________ 5. Inflation is __________ 6. A “red scare” is _________

7. Summary Activity: In the Summary box at the bottom of your Cornell notesheet • Write 3 sentences that answer these 3 questions • 1. What was Europe like after WWI? • 2. What were European Governments like after WWI? • 3. What was a Red Scare?

8. Reasons that the GREAT WAR is going to come to an end • All the nations were heavily in debt except for the U.S. • There were food shortages in Germany and Austria • The Ottoman Empire had surrendered and was talking about peace terms with the Allies • The British naval blockade was doing a good job starving Germany • The U.S. had the money and men to keep the war going for a long time • Public opinion for the war in all countries was very negative • The last major German offensive to seize Paris was halted. • A revolution in Austria-Hungary brought about a new government. The new government negotiated a peace treaty with the Allies • There were a number of German and French mutinies (refusals to obey orders from the commanding officers) • Many Europeans felt that American president Woodrow Wilson’s 14-point peace plan offered a fair plan for peace and so were willing to talk of a ceases-fire

9. Complete these sentences 1. The years between WWI and WWII were ______________ 2. Major countries in WWII were ______________ 3.Problems in European countries after WWI were___________ 4.Politics in Europe after WWI were in a state of Chaos because ________________ 5. Inflation is __________ 6. A “red scare” is _________

10. The Treaty of Versailles screws Germany • Germany must give up its colonies around the world • The mineral-rich Alsace Lorraine area in-between Germany and France is given to France • France gets to exploit Germany’s coal-rich Saar area for 15 years • Germany loses land to Poland and Denmark • Reduction of Germany’s military: Could have no more than 100,000 soldiers. NO military in the Rhineland (border with France) Could have no airplanes. Only allowed 6 warships. No submarines • Must sign and admit the “war guilt” clause taking full blame for war • Must pay war reparations mostly to Britain and France to the tune of 33 billion $$$$$$

11. Governments after W.W.I * Because the problems were so great people lost faith in their governments quickly * Citizens were constantly looking for new leaders with answers – so government changed rapidly *Many countries had dozens of political parties so it was hard for any group to get a majority *In some nations different political parties shared power in coalition governments Frequent changes in governments made it hard for any one group to get enough support to get big reforms passed (from1919 to 1940 France endured some 40 changes of government) Because so many people were poor; communismwas looking good to many people Powerful businesses spent much of their time and money fighting these so called “Red Scares” Vocabulary Word – Red Scare: Fear that communists would come to power in any given country and then take over private property

12. In- between the Wars (W.W.I-W.W.II) 1919-1939 • Most European nations had many financial problems – many were out of work • Too many political parties caused “chaos” and no leader could get anything done because other political parties would vote against the action • Some people thought capitalism had failed and turned to the communist party

13. Fascism: a form of government that is super nationalistic and militaristic Founded by Benito Mussolini of Italy in 1919 Characteristics of a Fascist government * The message is that your people are the greatest (master race, etc.) • Usually charismatic speaker • Message is to restore the nation’s greatness • The way to put people back to work is through building the military and • TAKE LAND ! (build an Empire) • Leaders wear military uniforms, parades, rallies, patriotic music • Message includes: blamingsome particular group for nation’s problems (Jews) • ANTI-Communist!! People voted for Fascists because they protected capitalism $$$

15. Mexico

16. Totalitarian governments: governments that control all aspects of society • 1 one Political Party or Idea • 2. one leader whose picture and statue is everywhere 3. Mass Propaganda: biased or one-sided information constantly spit out by the government • 4. Government Controlled Media – newspapers, radio, tv, school books, art • 5. Indoctrination (brainwashing) of their doctrines at school and work and on the news • 6. Posters promoting the governments’ agenda are everywhere • 7. Govt. drives the economy – decides what to make – usually weapons • 8. All movies, books, music and art must glorify the governments’ agenda • 9. Secret police and spies are everywhere looking for “enemies of the country” • 10. prisons, labor camps, reprogramming or “concentration” camps where people are sent to “re-program” their thinking

17. Totalitarian governments: governments that control ______ aspects of society • 1 __________Political Party or Idea • 2. one leader whose ______________is everywhere 3. ____________: biased or one-sided information constantly spit out by the government • 4. Government Controlled________– newspapers, radio, tv, school books, art • 5. ______________(brainwashing) of their doctrines at school and work and on the news • 6_________promoting the governments’ agenda are everywhere • 7. ________drives the economy – decides what to make – usually weapons • 8. All movies, books, music and art must __________the governments’ agenda • 9. ____________are everywhere looking for “enemies of the country” • 10. prisons, labor camps, reprogramming or _______________camps where people are sent to “re-program” their thinking

19. “To those who say that they will not come over to our (NAZI) side, I calmly reply, • “we already have the minds of your children” • - Adolf Hitler

20. Sentence starters • The Treaty of Versailles… • Many European countries after WWI were.. • Inflation is…. • Governments in Europe after WWI… • A “red scare” is … • A characteristic of Fascism is … • People vote for fascists because… • People don’t vote for Fascists because… • Benito Mussolini…

22. Benito Mussolini: dictator of the Italian “Fascist” party • Fascism: ultra or super nationalism. The message that your civilization or race have always been the greatest • Need a powerful authoritarian government. Democracy causes chaos • Militarism: the military must be strong to defeat communist threat. Factories making weapons will revive the economy • Controlled media: the communists and other instigators must not have a voice • All art, history, music and learning must glorify your culture • Other characteristics include things like: charismatic speaker/speeches • Patriotic songs and parades. uniforms, rallies, self-sacrifice for the good of the country • People in opposition to your party are “against” the progress of the country • Usually an element of persecution of certain races (like Jews) that have polluted the progress of your country • Fascism is much like totalitarian Stalinist Russia but primary difference is in Fascism capitalism $$$ is allowed and communism is hated • Secret police, controlled media indoctrination in schools

23. SUMMARY Complete the sentences: 1. Fascism is __________ • 2. A characteristic of fascism is_________ • 3. 2 other characteristics of fascism are _________ • 4. People voted for fascists because________ • 5. Benito Mussolini ___________

24. HEADPACKER Bust!(CLOSING Activity) Complete the sentences: 1. Fascism is __________ • 2. A characteristic of fascism is_________ • 3. A characteristic of fascism is _________ • 4. Benito Mussolini ___________ • 5. People voted for fascists because________

25. Why people voted for the Fascists • Powerful speakers/speeches can persuade people • The rallies were big and impressive • Nationalism or the greatness of your people is a powerful message • Their message was to take the country back to their “glory days” • They were “men of action” and they’d fix the problems fast • claimed democracy was too many different opinions • The Fascists promised to destroy the Communist threat – protect capitalism and business $$$ • Do you think these guys could get 33 people out of a 100 (33%) to vote for them?

26. The League of Nations: the peace-keeping organization of nations set up after WWI • Solve world problems • Not trade with aggressive ‘bad’ nations • If one nation attacks another nation all the other members are suppose to go to war against the aggressive nation • Reasons it did not work: • World-wide economic depression • Wars costs money • Hard convincing European soldiers to fight for an Asian or African nation • It was abolished during W.W.II • The United Nations is the new peace-keeping body that is still around today

27. League of Nations / United Nations (UN) • 1919-1939 (20 years) • Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland • 58 nations • Many nations did not join • Died – because it couldn’t stop Japan or Hitler • 1945 – present day • Headquarters: New York, USA • 191 nations • Still active

28. 1.Woodrow Wilson was an idealist – Why would Idealist love the idea of a League of Nations? • 2.What good do you think the League did? • 3. What is bad about not all nations joining? • 4.What was the first thing the League was supposed to do to a “Bad” nation? • 5. What problems might there be with this strategy? • 6. What if not trading with them doesn’t fix the problem – what then? • 7. What problems could you see about going to war against the “bad” nation?

30. HEADPACKER Bust!(CLOSING Activity) Complete the sentences: 1. A problem with the League of Nations was__________ • 2. Some countries that did not join the League were_________ • 3. Trade restrictions were _________ • 4. The reasons that military action didn’t work was ___________

31. CLOSING ACTIVITY: Complete these sentences

32. Reichstag • The German Parliament or government • Chancellor: the name of the leader (or president) of the Reichstag • Hitler was appointed the Chancellor of Germany in 1933

33. Parliament: representatives that form a government and vote on laws • Prime minister: The leader of parliament

34. Enabling Act: a law granting Hitler the authority to take action without the participation of the Reichstag. • In essence it made Hitler a dictator

35. Paul Von Hindenburg • German general and famous war hero • The most respected man in Germany • President of Germany • Appointed Hitler Chancellor in 1933 thinking that he could control him • Died in 1934 • His death open the door for Hitler’s dictatorship

36. Mussolini and HitlerThe Rome/Berlin Axis (Axis Powers of W.W.II)

39. Vienna, Austria – Munich, Bavaria Germany

40. Adolf Hitler’s art

41. Austria Anti-semitism Munich, Bavaria National Socialist German Workers (NAZI) Swastika “Mein Kampf” “lebensraum” Der “Fuhrer” – father, leader Third Reich (reign) “brownshirts” SS Words that will help in the study of Adolf Hitler

42. Anti-Semitism (anti-semitic):being anti-Jewish. Policies, writings, practices that discriminate against the Jews (a semitic tribe) Believing things like the Jews control the banks and Media

43. Why have Jews been the target of so much persecution • Jews are different (different religion, customs, clothes, eating habits, holidays, etc) • Jews aren’t Christians. They don’t believe Jesus was son of God, don’t celebrate Christmas, etc • They were wrongly labeled “Christ killers” • They’ve been very successful in business and banking. This has led to the myth that they control the banks or money system • Because of their success – Jews have gone to good universities so some say they influence education • Many Jews are writers or journalists • Some say that they control the media (newspapers, radio, tv) • Europeans have been blaming the Jews for problems since the Middle Ages • Once in power Hitler’s solution was to rid Europe of everything Jewish

45. Hitler believed that the some of the German diplomats that signed the Treaty of Versailles were Jews. • He called the signers the “traitors” who sold out our country

46. Munich “Putsch” (attempted takeover) • An attempt by Hitler and the Nazis to take control of the government in Munich Germany • The attempt failed and Hitler was sentenced to 5 years in prison but only served 9 months

47. Summary Activity: In the Summary box at the bottom of your Cornell notesheet • Write 3 sentences that answer these 3 questions • 1. What did Hitler think of the signers of the Treaty of Versailles? • 2. What was the Munich Putsch? • 3. What the big deal about “Mein Kampf”?

48. where was Hitler born? • what were his parents like? • what kind of student was Hitler? • why did Hitler go to the Austrian capital of Vienna? • what kinds of things was Hitler reading in his teens? • How did WWI make Hitler feel? • What kind of soldier was Hitler? • Why was Hitler temporarily blinded? • After the war who was Hitler working against?

50. Questions: • List 3 ways that Jews are different From other cultures 2. How are they different from Christians? 3. What have they wrongly been labeled? 4. What do biased people say about Jews and banking? 5. What do they say about the newspapers and other media? 6. What did Hitler want to do once in power?