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Punic Wars 264-146bce

Punic Wars 264-146bce. By 265bce Romans controlled the Italian peninsula Carthage: Commercial empire on north African coast Controlled Sicily Romans feared Carthage Carthage navy Roman land advantage. First Punic War, 264-241bce. Rome lacked a navy Rome used land tactics at sea

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Punic Wars 264-146bce

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  1. Punic Wars 264-146bce • By 265bce Romans controlled the Italian peninsula • Carthage: • Commercial empire on north African coast • Controlled Sicily • Romans feared Carthage • Carthage navy • Roman land advantage

  2. First Punic War, 264-241bce • Rome lacked a navy • Rome used land tactics at sea • Carthage asked for peace • Indemnity • Sicily

  3. Second Punic War, 218-202bce • Hannibal’s army • Infantry, cavalry, war elephants • Hannibal’s debacle • Hannibal spent 15 years living off the land, harassing the countryside, attacking Romans, but . . . • Scipio • Carthage asked for peace: • Indemnity • Spanish colonies

  4. Third Punic War, 149-146bce • Cato and the Senate • Senate’s decision • Roman conquest • Result: Rome Controls the Mediterranean Sea

  5. Ch. 6.4 The Decline of the Roman Empire

  6. Rome at its territorial peak

  7. A. A Century of Crisis • 1. Rome’s Economy Declines • The wealthy spent money on goods from China, India, and Arabia • Harvests decreased because of overworked soil

  8. 2. Rome Faces Military Upheaval • Faced threats from Germans in the north and Persians in Syria and Anatolia • 3. Roman Politics Decay • Loss of loyalty among citizenry

  9. B. Emperors Attempt Reform • 1. Diocletian Reforms the Empire • Persecuted Christians • Divided empire into Greek speaking East and Latin speaking West

  10. The Roman Empire Divided

  11. 2. Constantine Moves the Capital • Capital moved from Rome to Byzantium • After Constantine’s death, only East would survive

  12. C. Invaders Overrun the Western Empire • 1. The Huns Move West • Huns force Germans into Roman Empire • Invaded the regions of the Rhine and Danube rivers

  13. 2. Germanic Invasions • The Vandals fled from the Huns and invaded the Western Empire • Visigoths plundered Rome in 410 A.D.

  14. 3. Attila the Hun • In 444, the Huns united under Attila • His armies attacked and plundered 70 cities • Failed to take Constantinople • Pope Leo I negotiated their withdrawal • Under Gaiseric, Vandals sack Rome in 455 A.D.

  15. 4. Rome’s Last Emperor • Romulus Augustulus – deposed in 476 A.D. • Eastern half came to be called the Byzantine Empire • Survived until 1453, when it fell to Ottoman Turks

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