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Unit 3: Grammar and Usage

Lessons 42 - 47. Unit 3: Grammar and Usage. A relative pronoun is a pronoun that can introduce a subordinate clause. The relative pronouns are who , whom , whose (referring to persons); which (referring to things); and that (referring to persons or things).

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Unit 3: Grammar and Usage

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  1. Lessons 42 - 47 Unit 3: Grammar and Usage

  2. A relative pronoun is a pronoun that can introduce a subordinate clause. The relative pronouns are who, whom, whose (referring to persons); which (referring to things); and that (referring to persons or things). • A subordinate clause, when introduced by a relative pronoun, serves as an adjective. It modifies a word, or antecedent, in the main clause. • EXAMPLES: • Sylvie knows the writer whose novel we ready in class. • The doctor for whomI work is from Cambodia. • The movie that won the award is playing downtown. Relative Pronouns

  3. Write sentences containing subordinate clauses that are introduced with the relative pronouns in brackets. (who)______________________________. (which) ______________________________. (that) ______________________________. (whose)______________________________. (whom) ______________________________. Exercise

  4. Use who as a subject pronoun. • EXAMPLE: Who came to the party? • Use whom as an object pronoun. • EXAMPLE: whom did the nurse help? • By rearranging the sentence The nurse did help whom?, you can see that whom follows the verb and is the object of the verb. It can also be the object of a preposition. • EXAMPLE: To whom did you wish to speak? Using who/whom

  5. An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or pronoun. It can describe, limit, or identify the noun or pronoun. • EXAMPLE: She likes oatmeal cookies. • A descriptive adjective adds details and answers the question, what is it like?, • EXAMPLES: fresh vegetables, white cat Adjectives

  6. A limiting adjective makes the noun or pronoun it modifies more specific and concrete. Some common limiting adjectives are few, many, every, each, both, several, some, any, most, and one. Limiting adjectives such as a, an, and the are also known as articles. • EXAMPLES: a pineapple, each apple, both parents. • A proper adjective is an adjective that is formed from a proper noun. It always begins with a capital letter. • EXAMPLES: Chinese newspaper, English language

  7. Write three adjectives to describe each noun. Excercise

  8. An adjective has three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, and superlative. • The simple for of the adjective is called the positive degree. • EXAMPLE: Leah is tall. • When two people or things are being compared, the comparative degree is used. • EXAMPLE: Leah is taller than Jon. Comparing with adjectives

  9. When three or more people or things are being compared, the superlative degree is used. • EXAMPLE: Leah is the tallest person in the class. • For all adjectives of one syllable and a few adjectives of two syllables, add –er to form the comparative degree, and –est to form the superlative degree. • EXAMPLE: sweet – sweeter – sweetest

  10. For some adjectives of two syllables and all adjectives of three or more syllables, use more or less to form the comparative and most or least to form the superlative. • EXAMPLE: • This task is more difficult than I expected. • Saul is the most devoted of all. • Emalie is less nervous than James. • Esther is the least studious of all.

  11. Write the comparative and superlative forms of each adjective EXERCISE

  12. An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. • EXAMPLES: • “No,” Hannah said stubbornly. • His temper was extremely volatile. • She protested very vehemently. • An adverb usually tells how, when, where, to what extent, or how often. • Many adverbs end in –ly. Adverbs

  13. Write three adverbs that could be used to modify each verb. EXERCISE

  14. An adverb has thee degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, and superlative. • The simple for of the adverb is called the positive degree. • EXAMPLE: Holly worked hard on the history essay. • When actions are being compared, the comparative degree is used. • EXAMPLE: Holly worked harder than Jon. Comparing with Adverbs

  15. When three or more actions are being compared, the superlative degree is used. • EXAMPLE: Holly worked the hardest of all. • Use –erto form the comparative degree, and –est to form the superlative degree of one syllable adverbs.

  16. Use moreand most with longer adverbs and with adverbs that end in –ly. • EXAMPLE: • Sheena spoke more enthusiastically than Ed. • Guy spoke most enthusiastically of all.

  17. Write the comparative and superlative form of each adverb. EXERCISE

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