Grammar and usage

1. Grammar and usage

2. Discussion • What are they wearing? • Can you describe the team using • attributives?

3. the red team • 2. the team in red • 3. The team who are wearing red • are working. Attributives

4. Attributive clause Question: Which is an attributive clause? • the red team • 2. the team in red • 3. The team who are wearing red • are working. adjective prepositional phrase attributive clause

5. Introduction An attributive clause modifies a noun in the same way that an adjective or prepositional phrase does. The noun it modifies is called an antecedent. eg.The team who are wearing red are working. 先行词

6. Relatives The attributive clauses are usually introduced by relatives pronouns like which, that, who, whom，as and whose, or relative adverbs like where, why and when. eg.The team who are wearing red are working.

7. Functions In the attributive clauses the relative words usually function as the: subject, object, predicative, attribute, adverbial eg.The team who are wearing red are working. subject 代替先行词在从句中作成分

8. The boywhohas a round face is Tom. subject 1.The boy is Tom. The boy has a round ace. 2. The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday. 3. I know the boy. His father is a doctor. object The teacher (whom)we met yesterday will give us a talk. I know the boy whose father is a doctor. attribute

9. 4.Jack used to be a lazy boy. He is no longer a lazy boy. Jack is no longer the lazy boy thathe used to be. predicative 5.The school is beautiful. He studied in the school. adverbial The school wherehe studied is beautiful. in which

10. 关系代词 that, which, who, whom 和whose的用法

11. 1.The boy who/that sits behind me is very naughty. 2.We know the girl (whom/that) you saw just now. 3. The book which/that is about music is good. 4. I also like the book (which/ that) you bought yesterday. 5.They visited the writer whose books arer very popular. 6. They live in the house whose roof is blue. They visited the writer the books of whom are very popular. of whom the books They live in the house the roof of which is blue. of which the roof

12. 宾语 主语 定语 whose=of whom the +n who/that/whom/ \ who/that 人 whose=ofwhich the + n which/that/ \ 物 which/that

13. Practice who / that • The man _________stands there is Tom. • The girl _______________I met is Ms Li. • The boy ________watch was lost is Tom. • The book _________lies on the desk is his. • The pen ___________you bought is good. • The magazine ________cover is red is • nice. (whom /who/ that) whose which/that (which / that) whose

14. 关系代词的特殊用法

15. I. that和which 以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。 1. 先行词为不定代词everything，something, nothing, anything或由few, little，much，all，only, the very等修饰时，常用关系代词that来引导定语从句。如：

16. They go to the newspaper’s own library to look up any informationthat they need. 他们到报社的图书馆去查找他们所需要的资料。 This is the very bookthat I have been looking for. 这正是我在寻找的书。

17. The only thing that matters is to find our way home. 惟一要紧的事是找到回家的路。 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。 如： I was the only person in my office who was invited. 我是我们办公室唯一被邀请的人。

18. 2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用关系代词that引导定语从句。如： The first thingthat we should do is to work out a plan. 我们应该做的第一件事是订个计划。 Newton was one of the greatest menthat ever lived. 牛顿是世界上最伟大的人物之一。

19. 3. 先行词同时指人和物时，用that。如： We talked about the things and personsthat we saw then. 我们谈论了我们当时所见的人和事物。 Look at the man and his donkeythat are walking up the street. 瞧瞧那个沿街走过来的男人和他的驴子。

20. 4. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时用that。如： Which is the dictionary that you want? 哪本是你要的字典？ Who is the man that is standing by the door? 站在门旁边的那个男人是谁？

21. Practice • This is the best film _______I’ve seen. • That is the last lesson ______I gave you. • This is the very book ______I’m after. • That is just the coat ______color is red. • That is the right place ______he works. • I still remember the schools and boys ______I met there. (that) (that) (that) whose where (that)

22. 7. Everything ______you said is true. 8. Which is the book _____you want? 9. Who is the girl ______sits there. 10. All _____he said is true. 11. All _____is said by him is true. 12. Are there any problems ____trouble you? 13. I will make full use of the time ____________ is left for me. (that) (that) that (that) that that that/which

23. Attention as作为关系代词还可用于the same…as和such…as等结构中。如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他讲的故事。 This is the same dictionary as I lost. 这本字典跟我丢失的一样。

24. Practice as 1. Such boys ____you mentioned are good. 2. The boys ____ ____you mentioned are good. 3. It is so difficult a problem ___no one can work out. 4. It is so difficult a problem_____no one can work it out. 5. She wore the same hat ____you wore yesterday. such as as that as

25. 6. You have made the same mistake _____you made last time.. 7. I had the same experience _________you have now. 8.She went to the same place ______she saw the key. 9. Those ____are present are well. 10. Is this the factory _____________he visited? 11. Is this factory ___________he visited? that/as that/as where who (which/ that) the one

26. 12. This is the room____________ LuXun lived in. 13. This is the room in ＿＿ LuXun lived. (which/that) which 14. I know the girl _______________ he is talking to. 15. I know the girl to _______ he is talking. (whom/who/that) whom 16. Please tell me the way _____________ I can improve my English. (in which/ that)

27. 17.He is one of the boys who ______ present at the meeting now. (be) 18.He is the only one of them who ______present at the meeting now. 19.He is the one of them who ______present at the meeting. are is is

28. Exercises for The Attributive Clause • Tom was the first boy ______ when I got there • A. who talked me B. who I talked • C.I talked to D. whom I talked 2. Mr. Smith is the only one of the foreigners ____ working in our school now . A. who are B .who is C. whom is D. whom are 3. Who is the man ____ shook hands with you just now ? A. who B. that C. which D. whom 4. You are the only person ____ I’ve met ____ could do it . A. who , / B. / ,whom C. whom , / D. / , who

29. 5. He is not the man ____ he used to be . 6. He is no longer ____ he used to be . A. who B. whom C. that D. what C D 7. The Great Wall is just the place ( the very place ) ____ I want to visit for many years . A. which B. where C. that D. what 8. The school ____ we will visit next week is not far from here . A. where B. what C. which D. in which 9. Is this factory ____ you visited yesterday . A. which B. that C. where D. the one 10. Is this the factory ____ you worked last year . A. which B. in which C. that D. the one

30. 20. Don’t talk about _____ things _____ you don’t understand . A. such , that B. such , which C. such , as D. so , as 21. My hometown is no longer the same _____ it used to be . A. like B. that C. as D. which 22. She is no longer the girl __ she was ten years ago . A. which B. who C. that D. when 23. You can take any seat ____ is free . A. in which B. that C. where D. which 24. Who is the man ___ will give us a speech this afternoon ? A. that B. who C. which D. whom 25. Which is the book ____ you bought yesterday ? A. that B. which C. whose D. of which

31. 26. She was so angry at all _____ he was doing ___ she walked out and said nothing . A . that , that B. what , that C. what , as D. that , which 27. I feel the way _____ I’ve been treated. A. when B. that C. how D. where

32. 用which 不用that的情况： １）介词提到关系代词前时 This is the room in ＿＿ LuXun lived. The book the cover of ＿＿ is red is Tom’s. ２）非限制性定语从句中 He has a daughter , ＿＿ works in a bank. ３）先行词是that 时 The clock is that ＿＿ tells the time. 4. whose( 在从句中作定语)＝of which / of whom Jack lives in the room ＿＿ window faces south. Jack lives in the room ＿＿＿ the window faces south. The girl ＿＿ father works in a hospital dislikes working as a doctor. which which which which whose of which whose

33. Exercise 1. There are 54 students in our class, ______ 18 are girls. A. more than B. less than C. in those D. of whom 2. We’ll remember those days _________ we spent together. A. when B. in which C. in that D. which

34. 3. The doctor _________ is leaving for Africa next month. A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking 4. Next month, _________ you’ll spend in your hometown, is coming. A. which B. that C. when D. where

35. 5. He had a bad cold, _____he didn’t attend the meeting. A. because B. because of which C. to which D. because of that 6. There is no dictionary ______ you can find everything. A. in it B. in which C. where D. in that

36. 7. Do you want to buy the same radio _______ was shown on TV? A. what B. which C. as D. that 8. She was wearing the same dress __________ she had on the day before. A. that B. which C. where D. what

37. 9. A new building will be built, _______ is reported in today’s newspaper. A. it B. as C. which D. that 10. All ________ is needed is a supply of oil. A. / B. that C. what D. which

38. Homework Talk about the picture on P10, using attributive clauses (free talk). Do workbook exercise C1 and C2. Preview Task.

39. Thank you