Renaissance

1. Renaissance

2. Renaissance - Beginnings The birthplace of the Renaissance was Italy, but it spread to Europe. Northern Italy was urban (big city) with lots of people so it was easy to exchange ideas. It was a growing city until c. 1300 when the Black (or Bubonic) plague hit and killed 60% of the population. Workers who were left were paid LOTS of money because there were so few of them. Businesses couldn’t expand so some merchants focused on other things like art and politics.

3. Renaissance They began to change how they saw themselves and the world around them. They focused more on humans and less on religion. This period of change is called the Renaissance – meaning “rebirth”. Renaissance Man – a man who excelled in many fields Renaissance Woman – a well-rounded woman who could appreciate art, but not expected to create it.

4. Humanism - Italy In Italy, the Renaissance led to an intellectual development called: Humanism – Focused on human potential and achievements. History, literature, philosophy, art and sculpting became important.

5. Arts - Italy Art focused on individualism and realism. They began to use perspective (3-D not just a flat surface) They wanted to show realistic paintings and sculptures focused on individuals.

6. Important Artists - Italy Important Artists: Leonardo Da Vinci Raphael Sanzio Michelangelo Buonarroti SofonisbaAnguissola Artemisia Gentileschi

7. Leonardo da Vinci Mona Lisa The Last Supper

8. Raphael Sanzio Sistine Madonna Wedding of the Virgin The School of Athens

9. Michelangelo Buonarroti David Pieta Sistine Chapel Ceiling

10. SofonisbaAnguissolaArtemisia Gentileschi SofonisbaAnguissola Artemisia Gentileschi

11. Humanism - Europe In Europe, the Humanism movement was known as Christian Humanism – focused on reforming society…especially education. They supported the education of women, and founded schools that were attended by boys AND girls. Art and literature focused on realism and reform.

12. Arts - Europe European Art began to focus on realism. Artists began using oil-based paintings and using layering to get more realistic colors.

13. Important Artists - Europe Important Artists: Albrecht Durer Hans Holbein Jan van Eyck Pieter Bruegel

14. Albrecht Durer Young Hare Coat of Arms – Wooden Carving Melencolia – Wood en Carving

15. Hans Holbein Head of a female saint Venus and Amor Portrait of Edward – Prince of Wales Portrait of Erasmus

16. Jan van Eyck The Arnolfini Portrait Annunciation The Ghent Altarpiece

17. Pieter Bruegel Landscape with the fall of Icarus A Detail of Children’s Games The Tower of Babel

18. Literature - Italy Italian literature focused on using vernacular – the writer’s native language. In the past all works had been done in Latin. Renaissance writers wrote for self-expression or to show individuality.

19. Important Writers - Italy Important Writers: Petrarch Boccaccio Machiavelli Vittoria Colonna

20. Petrarch Francesco Petrarch – the father of Renaissance humanism Great poet – wrote sonnets (14-line poems) Wrote in Italian and Latin Subject of many of his sonnets is a mysterious woman named Laura

21. Boccaccio Best known for his work the Decameron – a series of realistic, sometimes off-color stories. The Decameron presents both tragic and comic views of life. He presents his characters in their individuality and their mistakes.

22. Machiavelli Wrote The Prince – a book which examines the imperfect conduct of human beings. Machiavelli was not concerned with what is morally right but what is politically effective. His book is an example of this belief.

23. Vittoria Colonna Born to a noble family. Wrote poetry to express her personal emotions. Exchanged sonnets with Michelangelo Helped publish The Courtier – a book that described how to become a Renaissance Man or a Renaissance Woman.

24. Literature - Europe European literature focused on Christian Humanism. They supported education of women and founded schools for boys AND girls. Became known as the Elizabethan Age (after Queen Elizabeth I)

25. Important Writers - Europe Important Writers: Thomas More Christine De Pizan William Shakespeare

26. Thomas More Famous for his book Utopia – which at the time meant No Place and now means a Perfect Place Utopia is about an imaginary land where greed, corruption and war have dissapeared. He wrote in Latin, but his works were translated into French, German, English, Spanish and Italian

27. Christine De Pizan Was highly educated and spoke out against women not receiving education Wrote The Book of The City of Ladiesabout the objections men had to women receiving an education. She wanted formal education for boys AND girls.

28. William Shakespeare The most famous writer of the Elizabethan Age Often called the greatest playwright of all time Wrote poems, plays and performed at the Globe Theater Works include Macbeth, Hamlet, Othello, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, The Taming of the Shrew, and A Midsummer’s Night Dream

29. Increased Trade – Italy Merchants began to control politics. The Medici family were rich merchants who ruled part of Italy because of their wealth from trade and banking.

30. Increased Trade – Europe Christopher Columbus searched for a shorter route to Asia in 1492. He was searching for wealth in trade with Asia for Spain. He wanted to discover gold and trade for spices.

31. Advances in Technology - Italy Leonardo da Vinci was also a great inventor in Italy. He studied how things worked He filled notebooks with drawings and observations. He is famous for creating maps, engineering, and scientific study

32. Advances in Technology - Europe Johann Gutenberg developed the first printing press This invention made it possible to produce books quickly and cheaply He printed the Bible in 1455 It was the first full-size book printed with movable type

33. Johannes Gutenberg Johannes Gutenberg is generally credited with the creation of movable type printing -- the process that made it possible to publish many copies of a single work at one time. Much of Gutenberg's life is shrouded in mystery, and his name does not appear in any of the printed works attributed to him. He was a goldsmith early in life, and that training apparently led him to the notion of forming molten metal into individual characters of the alphabet, which could then be inked and pressed on paper. His most famous work was the Gutenberg Bible, an elaborate two-volume Latin edition of the holy book which he published about 1455. Read the passage above and answer the following questions. 1. What is the main idea of the passage? a. Johannes Gutenberg b. Movable type printing 2. According to the passage, what experience in his early life impacted his creation of movable type? a. Writing novels b. Being a goldsmith 3. What is his most famous work? a. The Gutenberg Latin b. The Gutenberg Bible 4. In how many of Gutenberg’s works does his name appear? a. None b. 4 5. In the process of using movable type, there are several steps. What is the last step in the process a. Forming molten metal b. Pressing on paper

34. Mona Lisa Project Michaelangelo was a famous Renaissance painter. He painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. In order to do this, he had to lie on his back to paint. Do you think you could do that? Let’s see! Leonardo da Vinci (April 15, 1452-May 2, 1519) was a great Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, inventor, and scientist. The Mona Lisa was painted in 1506. Now it’s your turn to recreate art!