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Challenges of Inclusive Planning in Korea

2014 UK-Ireland Planning Research Conference Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus. Challenges of Inclusive Planning in Korea : Integrating Public Housing Policy with Neighborhood Planning SEP. 10. 2014 Sang Ho Kim Ph.D. in Engineering l Research Fellow, AURI

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Challenges of Inclusive Planning in Korea

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  1. 2014 UK-Ireland Planning Research Conference Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus Challenges of Inclusive Planning in Korea : Integrating Public Housing Policy with Neighborhood Planning SEP. 10. 2014 Sang Ho Kim Ph.D. in Engineering l Research Fellow, AURI HaeJin Yeo Ph.D. in Urban Planning l Assistant Research Fellow, AURI AURI l Architecture & Urban Research Institute, affiliated Institute of Korea Prime Minister’s Office

  2. Contents • Public Housing Policy in Korea & Its Current Issues • Social Needs for Policy Change • Challenges of Inclusive Planning • Discussions

  3. I. Public Housing Policy in Korea & Its Current Issues

  4. 4 Public Housing Policy in Korea l Korea Public Housing in General Chung-kye 4 Public Housing Complex (‘91, 1,979 households) Ga-yang 9 Public Housing Complex (‘92, 914 households) Bang-wha 9 Public Housing Complex (‘95, 250 households) Public Housing Housing

  5. Public Housing Policy in Korea l 2009~2013 “Bo-Keum-Jari” • (total 54,656 households for 6 development-designated districts) 2.6km 39min. 4,740household Nae-gok Public Housing Complex

  6. Public Housing Policy in Korea l 2014~2017 “Haeng-bok(Happy) Housing” • (approx. 140,000households) 0km 0min. 890household O-Ryue Public Housing Complex

  7. 7 Public Housing Policy in Korea l RecentChange target group Low income group only > Suburb, greenbelt > Basic program > for residents only College students Newly married couples University graduates Elderly households Low income groups Urban area Basic programme + site-specific special programme for residents and surrounding communities location amenity O-Ryue Public Housing Complex

  8. 8 Current Issues l Substantial shortageof public housing 748,000 unit 128month [ Public Housing Stock in Korea (unit : thousands) ] [ Comparison of Social Housing(Public Housing)-to-Total Housing Stock Ratio in OECD ]

  9. 9 Current Issues l Gap between New Demands and Legal Guideline • Legally provided amenity facilities only for public housing residents • - playground, commercial facility, preschool, sport field, senior citizen center, community library *KOREA HOSING ACT (Enforcement Date: 1972.12.30) Article 2 (Definitions) 9. The term "welfare facilities" means the common facilities falling under any of the following items, which are for the well-being of occupants, etc. within a housing complex: (a) Children's playgrounds, neighboring living facilities, kindergartens, residents' sports facilities and halls for the aged; (b) Other common facilities prescribed by Presidential Decree for the well-being of occupants, etc.; [ Accessibility of amenity facilities in public housing ] *Source: MoLIT, 2014, Happy housing model development research, p.17-p.20 : 2011 Housing survey , edited.

  10. 10 Current Issues l Centralized Management System • Government-led management • - poor quality of maintenance Korea UK & France Public Sector (LH) Public Sector Construction Support Action Subcontract Social Housing Registered Agency (Total Control System of Construction & Operating Management) Private Sector Management Registered Agency Registered Agency Registered Agency Public housing Public housing - Social housing Social housing Social housing

  11. II. Social Needs for Policy Change

  12. 12 Social Needs for Policy Change l Rapid Growth of Small Households • ‘95 (four-person-household) 31.7% • (three-person-household) 20.3% • ‘10 (two-person-household) 24.3% • (one-person-household) 23.9% • ’30 for one-person-household 86,600 units • (’85) 2.1% > (’10) 10.9% • (’30) 24.2% [ Change of household types in Korea ] [ Change of elderly population & household in Korea ] (Thousands) *Source : NSO,2011, Estimation in Future population & household, edited *Source : NSO,2005, Population & housing census, edited

  13. 13 Social Needs for Policy Change l Housing Stability at Risk • ‘House Poor(Homedebtor)’, Issues of ‘dwelling rights’ • * House Poor(homedebtor) is who have over borrowed on the strength of paper rises on property • and easy credit and little redeemability (stagnation of real estate in recent korea market) • Housing deprivation of Emerging Vulnerable Group • * Emerging Vulnerable Group is younger generation(college students and graduates), newly married • couple, elderly household

  14. 14 Social Needs for Policy Change l Social Inclusion vs. Exclusion • ‘NIMBY’, Barriers to build public housing where it is needed to be [Public housing designated district ‘Mok-dong, Yang-chun’ community demonstrations]

  15. 15 Social Needs for Policy Change l Increasing Demands for Welfare Employment-to-population ratio 61.1% (‘14.7, Ministry of Employment and Labor, Korea) Awaiter of public childcare center 100,000 (’13, Seoul Metropolitan Government ) Quality of Death Index 32/40 (’10, Economist Institute, UK)

  16. 16 Social Needs for Policy Change l Community-building • Paradigm shift of urban planning • Urban Regeneration Law and its Act (‘13, 12.5.) • from Slum Clearance + Redevelopment to Neighborhood Regeneration + Community-building

  17. III. Challenges of Inclusive Planning

  18. 18 Challenges of Inclusive Planning l Integrating Public Housing Policy with Neighborhood Planning PLANNING Public housing + community integrating neighborhood planning PROGRAMMING Community-friendly welfare & amenity services programme DELIVERY SYSTEM Change from government only to government-led governance

  19. 19 Challenges of Inclusive Planning l Integrating Public Housing Policy with Neighborhood Planning PLANNING Public housing + community integrating neighborhood planning [ Hang-bok(Happy) Housing Planning Process ] Haeng-bok (Happy) Housing Construction Process Management Site Search Site Review & Consultation Proposed Site Designation Designation Planning & Design Construction Master Plan Large or Primary Project Programme Pool Community Amenity Programme Planning Process Review of First-Investment Facilities Community Needs Programme Proposal Plan Small or General Project Government Local Authority Consultation and Discussions Community Survey Analysis on Population Existing land-use and building-use Building Vacant Ratio Local Authority’s major projects etc

  20. 20 Challenges of Inclusive Planning l Integrating Public Housing Policy with Neighborhood Planning PLANNING Public housing + community integrating neighborhood planning [ 3 factors of planning consideration ] • University Students • University Graduates • Newly Married Couples • Elderly Households • Low Income Group Type of Residents (Candidates) Scale of Project Site & Community Conditions • Site & Surrounding Area’s Physical Conditions • : subway station, public • transit, manufacturing • complex, etc • Gross Area of Project Site • Number of Household

  21. 21 Challenges of Inclusive Planning l Integrating Public Housing Policy with Neighborhood Planning Community Amenity Programme Pool PROGRAMMING Community-friendly welfare & amenity services programme YES Site Search Is There Existing and Relevant Projects ? [ Community service programming process ] YES NO Small/GeneralProject Large/Primary Project Review on Local Authority-funded Major Projects Plan Master Plan Site Review & Consultation Consultation of Developer(LH) & Local Authority Do You Need More Amenity Programme ? Analysis on Population Existing land-use and building-use Building Vacant Ratio Local Authority’s major projects etc Community Amenity Programme Planning YES NO Proposed Site Designation Community Survey Do You Have a Action Plan ? Designation NO YES Review on Central Government-funded Relevant Projects Are They Timely Scheduled ? Planning & Design YES NO Submit an Entry Prior-Consultation in condition of Submitting an Entry Construction Are You Adopted ? NO YES YES Consultation of Developer(LH) & Local Authority Management Selection of Programme & Management Agency

  22. 22 Challenges of Inclusive Planning l Integrating Public Housing Policy with Neighborhood Planning PROGRAMMING Community-friendly welfare & amenity services programme [ Community service programming process ]

  23. 23 Challenges of Inclusive Planning l Integrating Public Housing Policy with Neighborhood Planning DELIVERY SYSTEM Change from government only to government-led governance • Participatory governance of Hang-bok Housing • - Central Governments • (MoIL/LH, MHW, MEL, MGEF) • - Local Authorities • - 3rd sector • - Community Ministry of Health & Welfare Ministry of Gender Equality & Family Ministry of Employment & Labor Ministry of Infrastructure & Land Determination of Management Agency Determination of Support System Programme Integration Local Authority Organizations Support of Action Participation Haeng-bok(Happy) Housing

  24. IV. Discussions

  25. 25 Discussions • Inclusive planning for social integration? • Social inclusion = Spatial inclusion (integration, mix, sharing)? • Government-led governance, its possibilities and limitations? • Governance, sharing responsibilities or dumping responsibilities?

  26. Thank You

  27. ※ Community Welfare & Amenity Service Programme Proposal in Hang-bok (Happy) Housing (O-Ryue District, Seoul) 27 • Analysis of planned population for O-Ryue district • Analysis of surrounding community population

  28. ※ Community Welfare & Amenity Service Programme Proposal in Hang-bok (Happy) Housing (O-Ryue District, Seoul) 28 • Analysis of surrounding community land-use and zoing mapping

  29. ※ Community Welfare & Amenity Service Programme Proposal in Hang-bok (Happy) Housing (O-Ryue District, Seoul) 29 • Analysis of surrounding community vacant ratio (office, commercial, residential)

  30. ※ Community Welfare & Amenity Service Programme Proposal in Hang-bok (Happy) Housing (O-Ryue District, Seoul) 30 • Analysis of surrounding community commercial facilities mapping

  31. ※ Community Welfare & Amenity Service Programme Proposal in Hang-bok (Happy) Housing (O-Ryue District, Seoul) 31 • O-Ryue District & surrounding blocks facility distribution • Consideration of existing government projects

  32. ※ Community Welfare & Amenity Service Programme Proposal in Hang-bok (Happy) Housing (O-Ryue District, Seoul) 32 • O-Ryue District welfare & amenity service programmes (alterations)

  33. ※ Community Welfare & Amenity Service Programme Proposal in Hang-bok (Happy) Housing (O-Ryue District, Seoul) 33 • Considering resident’s type

  34. ※ Community Welfare & Amenity Service Programme Proposal in Hang-bok (Happy) Housing (O-Ryue District, Seoul) 34 • Considering ‘Happy Housing’ scale

  35. ※ Community Welfare & Amenity Service Programme Proposal in Hang-bok (Happy) Housing (O-Ryue District, Seoul) 35 • Considering surrounding community and existing facilities

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