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Canine Reprodu ction. Disiapkan oleh : Prof Pratiwi Ts. Physiology of the Ovarian Cycle in the Bitch. Puberty. In most bitches begins at 6 to 9 months of age. Ovarian Cycle in the bitch is monoestrous . Interval from cycle to cycle varies among breeds and can be affected by
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Canine Reproduction Disiapkanoleh : Prof Pratiwi Ts dog reprod prof pratiwi 2012-pts
Physiology of the Ovarian Cycle in the Bitch Puberty In most bitches begins at 6 to 9 months of age. Ovarian Cycle in the bitch is monoestrous. Interval from cycle to cycle varies among breeds and can be affected by environmental cues. Range: 4 to 13 Months Average: 7 Months dog reprod prof pratiwi 2012-pts
Changes During Estrus of Bitch Vulva Swollen and Enlarged Bloody discharge from vulva Copulation Aggressive towards Male Passive Provides sexual posturing to male for copulation Proestrus Estrus -8 -4 0 +4 +8 +12 Indicates Day of Peak in LH dog reprod prof pratiwi 2012-pts
Vaginal Cytology • Breeding timing with vaginal cytology alone is less successful but can be done with proven bitches that are bred with proven dogs that have no history of fertility problems for natural or fresh collection AI breedings. dog reprod prof pratiwi 2012-pts
Vaginal Cytology Guidelines • Cytology performed every other day from proestrus until the first day of diestrus. The first diestrus smear is called D1. • Fresh semen is inseminated every other day during cytologic estrus (> 80-90% cornification) for at least 3 breedings. dog reprod prof pratiwi 2012-pts
Vaginal Cytology Guidelines • Retrospectively check that breedings were accomplished 3-10 days before the 1st diestrus smear. This is the period in which the highest pregnancy rates and litter sizes have been observed. • Bacteria are normally present in all stages of the estrus cycle and should not be considered an infection dog reprod prof pratiwi 2012-pts
Breeding Dog achieves intromission by vigorous thrusting of the hindquarters . The bulbus glandis swells (6X4 cm) in the vagina in which vulva sphincter muscles contract around the penis forming the copulatory “tie”. First Stage of Coitus The “Turn” Second Stage of Coitus dog reprod prof pratiwi 2012-pts
Vaginal Cytology • Correct collection of a vaginal cytology preparation is critical to its diagnostic value! dog reprod prof pratiwi 2012-pts
Ovarian Cycle is Divided into Four Stages • . Proestrus • Estrus • Metestrus • Anestrus • Pseudopregnancy dog reprod prof pratiwi 2012-pts
Canine Estrous Cycle dog reprod prof pratiwi 2012-pts
Ovarian Cycle is Divided into Four Stages A . Proestrus • Physical turgid swelling of vulva and appearance of a bloody discharge. • Vaginal cytology will change with very early non-cornified epithelial cells increasing towards end of proestrus. • Behavior - bitch is restless and secretes pheromones but is aggressively negative towards male becoming more passive towards start of estrus dog reprod prof pratiwi 2012-pts
B. Estrus • Vulva swelling will soften and discharge will be slightly pink to straw- colored. • Some females will still have a bloody discharge in estrus which is normal. • Vaginal cytology will have a high concentration of cornified epithelial cells with little debris. • Behavior - bitch seeks male turns hindquarters towards him, raises pelvic region, waves tail to one side and finally stands for mating by male. dog reprod prof pratiwi 2012-pts
Ovarian Cycle is Divided into Four Stages • Wolf Heat - (split heat) Have apparently normal heat but go out of heat without ovulation. • Followed by another heat 2-6 weeks later (Fertile Heat) dog reprod prof pratiwi 2012-pts
