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Alcohol

Alcohol. By: Darius Gaiter, Nasya Chaney, Taylor Robinson, and Beth Balog. Basic Structure. Secondary. Primary. Tertiary. Characteristics. When alcohol is placed at normal temperature it is often colorless and is either a solid or liquid substance.

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Alcohol

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  1. Alcohol By: Darius Gaiter, Nasya Chaney, Taylor Robinson, and Beth Balog

  2. Basic Structure Secondary Primary Tertiary

  3. Characteristics • When alcohol is placed at normal temperature it is often colorless and is either a solid or liquid substance. • Alcohol consists of both a polar and nonpolar group of –OH. • Classified with three different groups: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary as long as the “R” is attached to the structure

  4. Nomenclature of alcohol • Methanol (wood alcohol): its named when you look at it as one carbon atom with –OH attached to it therefore its carbon methane, drop the e and add ol ending to indicate that its an alcohol. H  |  H-C-O-H|  H 

  5. Continued • ethanol (grain alcohol): its name is from the name of ethane, you can look at the two-carbon-atom chain, the e at the end is replaced with –ol because of the alcohol functional group. • H H | | H-C-C-OH| | H H 

  6. Continued • 2-propanol (isopropyl): 2- indicates a group attached to the second carbon and the “propan” part tells you that the carbon chain is three carbon atoms long. And the –ol at the end tell you that its in the alcohol functional group. • H   H   H|   |   |H-C - C - C-H|   |   |H   OH  H

  7. Mechanisms • Reaction of acid chloride with alcohol to make an ester

  8. Mechanisms • Reduction of ketones to secondary alcohol • Addition of lithium aluminum hydride to ketones leads to formation of secondary alcohols(after addition of acid)

  9. Mechanisms • Reduction of aldehydes to primary alcohols • Addition of lithium aluminum hydride to aldehydes leads to formation of primary alcohols(after addition of acid)

  10. Examples Some examples of alcohol are: • Propyl • Ethanol • Butanol • Ethylene • Gycol • Glycerin

  11. Real World Importance Methanol (Wood Alcohol) • Used in motor fuel, is resistant to knocking and produces less carbon monoxide than gas. • Used as starting material for many types of adhesives, fibers, and plastics. • Highly toxic and can lead to blindness or death.

  12. Real World Importance Ethanol (Grain Alcohol) • Used in the making of alcoholic beverages • Can be used in cars and is frequently mixed with gas to make gasohol.

  13. Real World Importance Isopropyl alcohol (Rubbing alcohol) • Used as a disinfectant • Extremely flammable

  14. Multiple Choice Questions

  15. When Alcohol is placed at normal temperature what type of substance can it be? • Liquid • Solid • Liquid and Solid • None of the above

  16. What is Ethanol used in? • Rubbing Alcohol • Adhesives, fibers, and plastics • Motor Fuel • Alcoholic Beverages

  17. What is the name of Ethane Alcohol • 2-Proponal • Methane • Methanol • Ethanol

  18. Addition of lithium aluminum hydride to ketones leads to what? • primary alcohols • secondary alcohols • Aldehydes • ester

  19. Reaction of acid chloride with alcohol makes what? • Aldehyde • Ester • Ketones • lithium aluminum

  20. Works Cited • www.organic-chemistry-tutor.com/alcohols • www.chemistry-drills.com/functional-groups.php?q=simple • www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topis/13366/alcohol • www.chemcases.com/alcohol/alc-02.htm • www.cliffnotes.com/study-guide/Alcohols.topicArticleID-23297.articleID-23270.htm • www.dow.com/productsafey/finder/nbut.htm • http://dl.clackamas.cc.or.us/ch106-03/nomencla.htm • www.Masterorganicchemistry.com • http://www.idsketching.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/rubbingalcohol.jpg • http://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/B/e/methanol.jpg

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