The Revolutionary War, 1 st Phase

1. The Revolutionary War, 1st Phase

2. Rise of Colonial Resistance

3. Major General Thomas Gage • Leader of forces stationed in Boston

4. Colonial Response • Continental Congress issued respectful petitions to Crown and embargoed British goods • Committees created after Massachusetts was placed under military rule • Became local authorities; revolutionary with committees of safety at the top • Took control of militias, armories, and powder stores • Identified potential militia leaders and commanders • Veterans from F&I War created volunteer armies where Britain governors controlled militias

5. Massachusetts & Concord • Led effort for military preparation • Plans to combine militias into regiments • Began storing artillery pieces, ammo, etc. in case of conflict • Most stored in the town of Concord

6. The First Battles • April 18 1775- Britain attempts a secret plan to attack Concord (700 British Regulars) • Joseph Warren sends two couriers to alert residents (Paul Revere and William Dawes)

8. The First Battles • April 18 1775- Britain attempts a secret plan to attack Concord (700 British Regulars) • Joseph Warren sends two couriers to alert residents (Paul Revere and William Dawes) • Revere captured by patrol; released after fighting began • Dawes thrown from horse and forced to walk back to Lexington

10. Battle of Lexington and Concord- April 18-19, 1775 • British troops arrive in Lexington • Meet 77 militiamen in formation • “Shot heard round the world” • British fire and rush the colonists; militia disperses and British continue towards Concord

12. Battle of Lexington and Concord- April 18-19, 1775 • Most arms relocated days before the invasion • British destroyed what they found (fire out of control) • 2000 Militiamen and minutemen (ready at a minutes notice) attacked British along their route back to Boston • Fired from behind trees, houses, rocks • Total Casualties (Including Lexington) • Colonists: 95 • British: 273

14. Major Battles: 1774-1777

15. Battle of Fort Ticonderoga- May 10, 1775 • Directions: • Watch the following explanation on the Battle of Fort Ticonderoga • Analyze it from the perspectives of the 9 Principles and Sun Tzu • Explain the significance of the battle

16. Major Battles: 1774-1777 • 2nd Continental Congress now focused on supporting war effort • One year draft enlistment from militias for Washington’s army • Early British goal: intimidate the colonists to stop revolutionary activity • Untrained militias & volunteer armies not taken seriously • Colonial army stubborn, but ill-equipped and disunited

17. Major Battles: 1774-1777 • Colonists successfullyseize Boston from 1775-1776 • Costly British victory at Bunker Hill does little to break the siege • Benedict Arnold fails to take Quebec, Canada • Artillery and guns from Ticonderoga rearm Washington’s desperate troops

18. Knox Expedition- Nov. 1775 – Jan. 1776 Henry Knox Chief of Artillery

19. The Knox Expedition

21. The Continental Army

22. The Continental ARmy • Continental Army significantly smaller in reality (8,000) than expected (20,000) • Militias still important for three main reasons: • Can form quickly in any threatened region • Remain in labor force (keep economy going) • Useful for security and flanking isolated targets

23. The Continental ARmy • Washington’s Leadership • Experience in F/I War • Cunning and adaptable • Charismatic (men wished to follow) • Good politician

24. British Strategy

26. Southern strategy never consistent • Main base of operations in New York Main Objective • Cut off New England (heart of revolution) • Connect with British forces in Canada

27. ~%20 of colonists Loyal to the Crown (Loyalists) • Utilize Loyalists in Central and Southern colonies

28. ~%20 of colonists Loyal to the Crown (Loyalists) • Utilize Loyalists in Central and Southern colonies

29. New York and Pennsylvania • Washington fails to prevent British army from taking Brooklyn (Battle of Long Island) • Forced to escape to Manhattan where another failed defensive attempt drove his Army through New Jersey

30. New York and Pennsylvania • British pursued Washington through New York and into New Jersey • Took several strategic forts in both states (Ft. Lee and Ft. Washington)

31. New York and Pennsylvania • Washington escapes across Delaware River into Pennsylvania • Winter halts British pursuit • Lowest point in Washington’s career

32. New York and Pennsylvania • Washington boldly attacks Hessian and British forces at Trenton on Christmas • British Gen. Cornwallis outmaneuvered by Washington • Colonial victory at Princeton ends fighting for the winter

33. 1st Phase of the War • Based on your number, research and create a presentation of the corresponding battle from the 1st Phase of the War • 1- Battle of Bunker Hill • 2- Battle of Long Island • 3- Battle of Trenton What you should include: • Date and location of the battle • Battle map • Main commanders • Size of armies • Brief account of battle • Casualties • Significance/Follow-up • 9 Principles Analysis

34. Please use Battlefields.org

35. Colonial Logistics • Paper currency used in later half of the war • Eventually depreciated to the point of uselessness • Quartermaster General responsible for transporting supplies and employing the navy • Constant leadership turnover prevented reliable delivery of resources