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This teacher's copy of the first aid manual includes essential information on handling emergencies, contacting emergency services, Good Samaritan law, wound care, and basic first aid procedures. It covers topics like lacerations, abrasions, punctures, nosebleeds, and sprains.
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First Aid Manual Teacher’s Copy
First Aid Manual • Table of Contents • Write your name on this page. • We will fill the table of contents in as we go • Remember I am collecting this packet at the end of the UNIT!
Name:____ Family Members Names: * Whoever you live with Address: Emergency Contact information * Name & Number * At least two people Neighbor Contact Information Emergency numbers Police: 911 or 692-4111 (N. T. Police) Fire Department: 693-2201 (N.T division) Hospital 694-4500 (DeGraff Memorial) Family Doctor Name:________________ Number:______________ Poison Control Center 1-800-222-1222 Emergency Contact Information
Good Samaritan • A good Samaritan in legal terms refers to someone who renders aid in an emergency to an injured person on a voluntary basis. Usually, if a volunteer comes to the aid of an injured or ill person who is a stranger, the person giving the aid owes the stranger a duty of being reasonably careful. A person is not obligated by law to do first aid in most states, not unless it's part of a job description.
Concerns of the Good Samaritan Law • Scared • Don’t know the victim • Don’t know what to do to help • Scared they will catch something or get sick from the stranger • Don’t know if the victim wants help
POSITIVE - save them - help them - they could live - you feel good about yourself -their family and friends will be thankful NEGATIVE - you could hurt them - they could try and bring it to trial - you might not know what to do Consequences of helping the victim
POSITIVE - you could not get messy - you could not be questioned by the police - you could not be in trouble for hurting them NEGATIVE - they could die - you will feel guilty - they could get very sick - someone else could get hurt Consequences of NOT helping the victim
Good Samaritan Law • A law protecting you from liability if you help the injured or ill as long as you are careful. • You must always ask the person if they would like help first. • If they are unconscious there is implied consent.
Think, Pair, Share: What are some precautions you should take to protect yourself if you are helping a victim?
The 4’C’s of First Aid • 1. Check for Danger • 2. Check for response • 3. Call 911 (if needed) • 4. Provide Care • Check, Check, Call & Care
Wounds are common injuries that we should all be prepared to treat. Some wounds are more severe and require professional medical attention. There are three types of wounds Lacerations Abrasions Punctures Wounds
Laceration • A laceration is a tear in the skin which results from an injury. • You do not need to see a doctor if the tear does not involve the full thickness of the skin. • Most minor lacerations have minimal bleeding, minimal pain and no numbness or tingling at the site. • Example: Paper cut Treatment • Clean the wound with soap & water or peroxide • Use a clean cloth to apply pressure • Use an antibiotic cream to prevent infection • Apply a sterile bandage TIGHTLY
Abrasion • Abrasions are very common sports injuries that are usually caused by a fall on a hard surface. As the athlete falls or slides on the ground, friction causes layers of skin to rub off. • While a severe abrasion should be seen and cleaned by a physician, you can do some things to promote healing. First, because abrasions can easily become infected, you should clean the area thoroughly and remove any dirt. • Example: Carpet Burn Treatment • Clean the wound with soap & water or peroxide • Use a clean cloth to apply pressure • Use an antibiotic cream to prevent infection • Apply a sterile bandage Loosely
Puncture • A puncture wound iscaused by an object piercing the skin andcreating a small hole. Some punctures are just on the surface. Others can be very deep, depending on the source and cause. • Example: Sliver Treatment • ** If the wound is deep or in a critical area, leave the foreign object in! Call 911 and immobilize the object ** • For minor punctures, completely remove foreign objects • Use a clean cloth to apply pressure • Use an antibiotic cream to prevent infection • Apply a sterile bandage
Nosebleeds • Treatment • Sit down • Tilt your head forward.( leaning back may cause blood flow down the back of the throat, which tastes bad and can cause gagging and coughing. • Gently pinch your nose. Use your thumb and index finger and breathe through your mouth. • Continue for about 15 minutes. • To prevent re-bleeding Do not pick your nose or bend over too quickly after the bleeding has stopped the first time. * If bleeding last more than 45 minutes you MUST seek medical care
Sprains, Strains and Breaks • Sprain: A stretch or tear of ligament BONE TO BONE
Strain • A stretch or tear of tendon BONE TO MUSCLE
Simple Fracture: A broken bone that has NOT caused an open wound Compound Fracture: A broken bone that HAS caused an open wound. Break
Sprains & Strains Stop activity right away Use RICE method for the first 48 hours after injury Use support devices when returning to activity - brace - tape - air cast 4. Monitor the injury Fractures Call 911 Stabilize the victim until emergency care arrives If you must move the victim because it is unsafe immobilize the injury. * Fractures require immediate care Treatment
RICE • R est • I ce • C ompression • E levation
Burns • 1st degree: Only the epidermis, or outer layer of skin, is burned. The skin usually blisters and swells with pain.
The outer layer of skin is burned through and the 2nd layer of skin called the dermis becomes red and blotchy. If the burn is less than 2-3 inches in diameter, treat it as a minor burn. If it is larger or on the hands, feet, face, groin or buttocks, treat it as a major burn. Burns- 2nd Degree
A major burn that involves all layers of skin, tissue, muscle or even bone. Areas may be charred black or appear dry and white. 3rd Degree Burn
What are some things in our house that could burn someone? • Stovetop • Microwave • Blow-dryer • Curling iron • Hair Straightener • Bad wire • Toaster oven • Boiling water • Fireplace
Minor Burn Cool the burn. Immediately hold the burn under cool water. Do not put ice or cold water directly on the burn. Cover the burn and wrap it LOOSELY with sterile bandages. Take Over the Counter pain reliever. ( With parent permission ) Major Burn Call 911 IMMEDIATELY! Remove any smoldering or hot material from the victim. Do not immerse major burns in cold water. Check for response and begin CPR if necessary Wrap the burn with cool, moist, sterile towels Treatment for Burns
The sun causes burns to skin and eyes too. Wear sunglasses and sunscreen to help prevent burns. Use aloe to calm the skin. Overexposure can cause skin cancer. Protect yourself! Remember!
Dehydration Thirst Dizziness Weight Loss Heat Exhaustion Feeling faint Nausea Heavy sweating Cool, moist skin Heat Stroke Rapid heart beat Shallow breathing No sweating Confusion Unconscious Fainting death Heat illness
Heat Exhaustion Call 911 if needed Move the victim out of the sun and into the shade or air conditioning. Lay the victim down and elevate legs and feet slightly after loosening or removing their clothing if able. Have the victim drink cool water, not a sports drink. NEVER GIVE FOOD OR WATER TO AN UNCONSCIOUS PERSON Monitor the person Heat Stroke Call 911 immediately! Move the victim out of the sun and into shade or air conditioning. Cool the person by covering them with damp towels or spraying them with cool water. Use a fan or newspaper to give the victim air. Treatment
Vocab Choking: when a foreign object becomes lodged in the throat or windpipe, stopping the flow of air. Heimlich Maneuver: An emergency technique used to dislodge an object, such as food, from the trachea from a choking person. Stroke: When blood flow to the brain is interrupted because a blood vessel is blocked or breaks open. Treatment for the Conscious Choking Victim Recognize the universal choking sign If the victim cannot breathe, cough or speak begin the Heimlich maneuver. Critical Care Emergencies
Heimlich Maneuver Stand behind the victim and wrap your arms around their waist. Make a fist and place the thumb side of your fist against the stomach. Grasp your fist and use a quick upward thrust. Repeat this 5 times Use the heel of your hand to deliver 5 back blows Repeat till object is out What are some foods that would be easy to choke on? Candy Cough drop Ice Gum Popcorn How To Do the Heimlich Maneuver | Life-Saving Techniques | Howcast.com Heimlich Maneuver
Recognizing the signs of Stroke..FAST • F- Facial Weakness • A- Arm weakness • S- Speech difficulties • T- time
Scenario #1 • Adam is walking through the woods and trips over a tree root sticking out of the ground. He immediately begins screaming for help because his shin bone is poking through the skin, and he is bleeding a lot.
Scenario #2 • It is the middle of summer and Erin and Reba have decided to paint their house. They put on the radio and their swimming suits, and head outside to paint. When they are about finished with the first coat, Erin begins to feel faint. She feels nauseous but her skin is sweaty and cool.
Scenario #3 • In a small cramped kitchen, you and some friends are preparing a spaghetti dinner. Your friend picks up the pot of bubbling pasta water and starts in the direction of the sink. The pot holder slips slightly, and the scalding water burns her forearm. She is experiencing a lot of pain, with a red, blistering burn on her arm.
Scenario #4 • At a barbeque in the park, a pick-up soccer game starts up. You’re having fun and really going for it at high speed. Suddenly you your cousin steps in a hole and feels his ankle fold over. A burst of pain shoots through his lower left leg and you hear a popping noise. The ankle swells and turns purple in minutes and the calf muscle has bunched up towards his knee.
