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Texas’s Independence. Mexico Won Independence (1821). During Spanish rule, only a few thousand Mexicans settled in Texas region Region dominated by Spanish missionaries, which dwindled after Mexican Independence Problems with Natives caused Mexicans to be disinterested in region.
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Mexico Won Independence (1821) • During Spanish rule, only a few thousand Mexicans settled in Texas region • Region dominated by Spanish missionaries, which dwindled after Mexican Independence • Problems with Natives caused Mexicans to be disinterested in region
Mexico Invites U.S. Settlers • Mexico wanted to Improve Economy • Increase trade with US • Increase manufactured goods in Mexico • Laws which tied North provinces to US trade rather than rest of Mexico • Protect territory from Native Attacks • Prevent Border Violations
Reasons US Settlers Came • Tejanos – American/Mexican settlers generally raised livestock prior to 1830 • Natural resources and good farm land • Land Grants by Mexican government = cheap large plots of land • Manifest Destiny = Soon European/Anglo population surpassed Mexican
Rising Conflicts with Mexico • Growing American settlements: • Stephen F. Austin created a settlement of 300 families in Texas in 1825 • Cultural Differences • English instead of Spanish • Issue of Slavery • Religion • Mexico Sealed Borders in 1830 from US Immigration • Heavy Tax on importation of American Goods • Mexican troops rode into Texas to enforce Mexican Law • lacked sufficient troops to police borders well
Growing Problems between Texas and Mexico • Despite closed borders, Anglo population doubled between 1830 and 1834 • Tejano population 4,000 to 30,000 Anglos • Mexican politics increasingly unstable • President Santa Anna suspended constitution • Convinced that Mexico could not be a democracy • Austin arrested and imprisoned after Austin traveled to Mexico city to petition for greater self-government for Texas.
No Choice But War • Austin returned to Texas in 1835 was convinced war was the only recourse • Santa Anna marched toward San Antonio with 4,000 troops to make Texans obey laws • Austin called Texans to arms
The Alamo • Texans occupied a mission fort known as The Alamo • Felt the Alamo would prevent Santa Anna from moving further North • Feb 23 to March 6, 1836 – Santa Anna’s men attached the fort • Mexican succeeding in scaling fort after 12 days, all 187 US defenders and hundreds of Mexicans died (guessed at 1,500.)
The Lone Star Republic is Established • Declaration of Independence on March 2, 1836 • Santa Anna killed another 445 rebels at Goliad • Rebels retaliated by killing 630 of Santa Anna’s men near the San Jacinto River, captured Santa Anna • Only set him free after he signed Treaty of Velasco, which granted Texas Independence • Mexico refused to recognize Texas • GB and France did
Annexation of Texas • Most Texans hoped US would annex Texas, but American public split • Southerners sought to extend Slavery • Northerners feared unbalance in Senate in favor of Slave States, feared prompt war with Mexico • John Quincy Adams (as president wanted to Purchase Texas) opposed in 1838, also rejected by President Tyler’s Sec of State Daniel Webster in 1842 • President James K. Polk, a slaveholder, firmly favored annexation, and Texas joined Dec. 29, 1845.