Major and Minor Groups on the Periodic Table

1. Major and Minor Groups on the Periodic Table

2. 1. Representative Elements

3. Notes • Groups 1, 2, 13-17 • Feature all of the possible properties for elements on the periodic table • They “represent” the other elements • Examples: Metals, Non-Metals, Solids, Liquids, Gases, Positive Ions, Negative Ions …..etc

4. Noble Gases

5. Notes • Group 18 Elements • All Gases • Most stable elements that exist on the entire table • Have 8 valence electrons (Full Shell) • No Need to react with any other elements • Called “Inert Gases”

6. Transition Metals

7. Notes • Groups 3-12 • Middle of the Table • All are metals, all form positive ions • Lose electrons when reacting • When alone have metallic bonds • Can have multiple charges • Able to shift valence electrons to different orbitals to achieve stability • Form colored solutions

9. Inner Transition Metals

10. Notes • Elements that have been pulled out • Rare elements • Not typically found in nature • Some are man made, others radioactive • Have lots of electrons but are not very reactive

11. Specific Group/Family Headings

12. Group 1 Alkali Metals

13. Notes • Easily Lose Electrons • All have a charge of +1 • All lose 1 electron when reacting • Never found alone in nature due to their high level of reactivity • Can only form ionic bonds • Fr is the most active metal on the table but due to high instability is rarely found • Most active group of metals • Very low ionization energies and very low electronegativity values

16. Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals

17. Notes • Not as reactive as group 1, but still reactive • Have +2 ionic charges • Always lose 2 valence electrons during reactions • Not found alone in nature • Commonly form bases

19. Group 13/Boron Family

20. Group 14 Carbon Family

21. Notes • Carbon only forms covalent bonds • Group moves from non-metal at top, to metalloid, and finally onto metals

22. Group 15 Nitrogen Family

23. Notes Starts with non-metals at top, moves onto metalloids and finally ends with metals

24. Group 16 Oxygen Family

25. Group 17 Halogens

26. Notes • All in the group are non-metals except for At • Metallic properties increase down the group • Only group with all 3 states of matter (F, Cl are gases, Br is a liquid, and I and At are solids) • Highly reactive (most reactive non-metals) • All Gain 1 electron in reactions • Have ionic charges of -1 • Fluorine is most reactive non-metal • All have high ionization energies and high electronegativity values

28. Group 18 Nobel Gases