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The Cold War. The Allies form the United Nations. A. United Nations (UN) has 2 parts 1. General Assembly Purpose: Countries talk about the issues Each country has a representative 2. Security Council Purpose: Responsible for military 15 countries serve at a time
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The Allies form the United Nations A. United Nations (UN) has 2 parts 1. General Assembly • Purpose: Countries talk about the issues • Each country has a representative 2. Security Council • Purpose: Responsible for military • 15 countries serve at a time • 10 serve a 2 year term – 5 are permanent
The Allies form the United Nations B. Value of UN • Worked to keep peace between countries • Allowed countries to talk about issues C. Problems with UN 1. if permanent member vetoed an action = no military action 2. rivalry prevented action (ex: US & SU) 3. newer, smaller countries joined together D. Recreated homeland for Jews = Israel
UN holds Nuremberg Trials 1. Held in West Germany 2. Placed Nazi officials on trial for crimes during Holocaust
UN holds Nuremberg Trials 3. 13 separate trials with 200 defendants 4. Each Allied country involved (US, Fr, Br, SU)
UN holds Nuremberg Trials “From the Nuremberg trials, it was made clear that crimes against peace, crimes against humanity and crimes which will not be tolerated. It was made clear that every person reasonable for the involvement in these actions will pay. It was made clear nations will not turn around and do nothing because of borders or boundaries. It was made clear justice will be served in all scales.” - http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://cghs.dadeschools.net/ib_holocaust2001/Nuremberg_Trials/nuremberg_contents.jpg&imgrefurl=http://cghs.dadeschools.net/ib_holocaust2001/Nuremberg_Trials/default.html&h=400&w=500&sz=30&hl=en&start=23&tbnid=v_jvcCaWl5vihM:&tbnh=104&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnuremberg%2Btrials%26start%3D20%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN 5. Most found guilty >> imprisoned or put to death 6. Can be put on trial if caught even today
2 Superpowers after WWII United States Soviet Union
What makes a SUPERPOWER? • Large area of land • Large population • Natural resources • Strong military Both countries were strong after the war and they wanted to spread their own governments
Hi. I’m Walter Lippman. I created the word “Cold War” A Cold War is a conflict between two countries in which they don’t fight each other directly.
So, you may be asking: Well, Walter, what do they do then? • In a Cold War, countries: • Form military alliances • Conduct an arms race • Support opposing sides in other country’s civil wars
And now, you’re asking: How could this have started Walter? There are two MAIN causes that started the Cold War….
There MAIN causes are: • Decisions made at the Yalta Conference • 2. The differences between democracy and communism
The Yalta Conference Decisions Effects Domination over all of Eastern Europe West Germany & East Germany are formed Conflicts in Korea & Vietnam arise Conflicts over China’s membership
Differences between Democracy and Communism • Capitalist • Gov’t regulates • some but… • Private property • Competition • Socialist • Gov’t owns all • No private property • No competition Seizes power No alternatives Elected by ppl Alternatives No civil rights Strict control Civil rights
1st - SU takes over Eastern Europe 1- Wanted buffer states AND “satellite” nations WHY? 2 - Wanted a warm water port
Winston Churchill: “An iron curtain has descended across the continent”
2nd - Truman Doctrine signed Gave $660 million to help: Help Turkey & Greece fight off the Communists Also said U.S. would fight communism from spreading anywhere it doesn’t already exist… … led to U.S. policy of CONTAINMENT
3rd – Marshall Plan $12.5 billion to: any country who needed helping rebuilding after WWII SU thought the US was trying to spread democracy
4th – US, Br, Fr united their sections of Germany The Soviet Union wasn’t happy. Why? They were afraid Germany would become powerful again…
The Berlin Blockade (by SU) SU blockaded all ground traffic entering into Western Berlin (Democratic side) for 327 days What would you do?
The Berlin Airlift (by US) US & Br flew 277,000 flights: dropping 2.5 million tons of supplies
5th – Alliances are Formed SU formed the Warsaw Pactwith Albania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, East Germany US formed North Atlantic Treaty Organization with Britain, Belgium, Canada, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Greece, Turkey, West Germany