War of 1812

1. War of 1812 [Image source: http://home.earthlink.net/~gfeldmeth/lec.1812.html]

2. Causes of the War of 1812 • British interference with American shipping: -impressment of American sailors -seizure of American goods • British support for Indians in the Northwest Territory

3. The Shawnee warrior Tecumseh worked to rally Native Americans to the common cause of repelling settlers moving into the Northwest Territory. [Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 191.]

4. His brother, the Prophet Tenskwatawa, urged his followers to return to their traditional ways of life. [Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 190.]

5. An army led by General William Henry Harrison defeated the Indians led by the Prophet at the Battle of Tippecanoe.

6. The War Hawks, people who favored war with Great Britain as a means to force them out of North America, were motivated by: • land hunger • impressment • Indian atrocities

7. Speaker of the House, Representative Henry Clay of Kentucky, was instrumental in getting the United States to declare war on Great Britain. [Image source: http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000482]

8. He was assisted by Rep. John C. Calhoun of South Carolina. [Image source: http://www.npg.si.edu/exh/brady/gallery/21gal.html]

9. The United States Congress formally declared war on 18th June 1812. [Image source: http://www.iltrails.org/dow1812.htm]

10. Many Americans fatuously believed that Canada could be “liberated” and made a state of the United States.

11. The planned three-prong attack was actually executed in reverse-order, yielding disastrous results. The American Fort Mackinac was captured before they received news that war had been declared.

12. Tecumseh fought on the side of the British and was given the rank of general.

13. The United States invaded Canada across the Detroit River 12th July 1812. [Image source: http://www.multied.com/1812/Hull.html]

14. As a result of ineptitude on the part of American General Hull, and the use of psychological warfare on the part of the British, Detroit was surrendered.

15. One major reason for Hull’s failure was that the bulk of his army was composed of unreliable militia.

16. The British quickly capitalized on their initial victories. Prairie du Chien Fort Dearborn

17. Prairie du Chien was an important outpost in the fur trade of the Northwest Territory.

18. General Hull ordered the evacuation of Fort Dearborn. [Image source: http://members.tripod.com/~war1812/batmac.html]

19. The troops were ambushed 15th August 1812 as they marched around the southern end of Lake Michigan. [Image source: http://www.chicagohs.org/AOTM/May98/may98fact1a.html]

20. The battle is remembered as the Fort Dearborn Massacre . [Image source: http://www.chicagohs.org/AOTM/May98/may98fact1a.html]

21. The Territory of Illinois was left virtually defenseless. [Image source: http://www.iltrails.org/1818map.htm]

22. [Image source: http://www.rootsweb.com/~ilcumber/ilctybnd/il1812.htm]

23. The Honorable Ninian Edwards was the governor of the Illinois Territory during the War of 1812.

24. In 1813, General William Henry Harrison assembled an army and invaded Upper Canada. [Image source: http://jupiter.wvec.k12.in.us/battle/harrison.html]

25. In order to invade Canada, America first needed to establish naval superiority on the Great Lakes. [Image source: http://www.multied.com/1812/eirie.html]

26. Commodore Perry’s victory in the Battle of Lake Erie 10th September 1813 paved the way for Harrison’s invasion of Upper Canada. [Image source: http://www.multied.com/1812/declares.html]

27. Tecumseh was killed during the ensuing Battle of the Thames.

28. The American offensive on the Niagara Frontier was successfully parried by the British.

29. American forces were defeated at the Battle of Queenston Heights13th October 1812. [Image source: http://members.tripod.com/~war1812/qheights.html]

30. In April of 1813, American forces captured York, the capital of Upper Canada, and burned it to the ground. [Image source: http://www.multied.com/1812/york.html]

31. One of the casualties was the promising career officer Brigadier General Zebulon Pike. [Image source: http://www.pikespeaktravel.com/essays/pike.html]

32. [Image source: http://www.kcmuseum.com/explor05.html]

33. http://www.ancestry.com/search/rectype/reference/maps/main.asphttp://www.ancestry.com/search/rectype/reference/maps/main.asp

34. During the winter of 1813-1814, the Americans succeeded in training a professional army on the banks of the Niagara River. [Image source: http://www.militaryheritage.com/1812.htm]

35. Brigadier General Winfield Scott was largely responsible for training the new American army.

36. The American army succeeded in defeating the British at the Battle of Chippewa 5th July 1814. [Image source: http://www.multied.com/1812/chippewa.html]

37. One of the reasons for this is because the British mistook the grey-clad soldiers of Scott’s Brigade for militia. [Image source: http://members.tripod.com/~war1812/greyuniform.html]

38. The American victory was followed-up twenty days later with a victory at Lundy Lane25th July 1814. [Image source: http://www.multied.com/1812/Lundy.html]

39. The British attempted their own three-prong strategy in 1814 in an effort to bring the war to a swift conclusion. British victories American victories

40. [Image source: http://www.multied.com/1812/Washington.html]

41. Francis Scott Key • Francis Scoot Key was a lawyer who witnessed the bombing of Fort McHenry • During that time he wrote the Star-Spangled Banner • American forces were able to turn back British troops

42. The War of 1812 • Many Americans disagreed with this war an named it “Mr. Madison War” • At the Hartford Convention New Englanders sent delegates to see if they could leave the nation • They did not leave, but there were amendments put into the constitution giving them more power

43. The Americans won the Battle of Lake Champlain in September 1814. [Image source: http://members.tripod.com/~war1812/batplatts.html]

44. [Image source: http://www.multied.com/1812/Champlain.html]

45. The Treaty of Ghent was signed 24th December 1814. [Image source: http://www.multied.com/1812/Ghent.html]

46. The Battle of New Orleans was fought after the treaty was signed. [Image source: http://members.tripod.com/~war1812/batorleans.html]

47. General Andrew Jackson’s victory at New Orleans propelled him to national prominence. [Image source: http://members.tripod.com/~war1812/jackson.html]

48. Results of War of 1812 • combatants return to pre-war borders • psychological umbilical cord with Great Britain cut • acceptance of America as a nation • Panic of 1819

49. The Missouri Compromise • The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 established that no state northwest of the Ohio River could be a slave state • Missouri was not covered by this because it wasn’t northwest of the Ohio River • The North objected because they did not want to increase the power of the South

50. The Missouri Compromise • The South replied that the federal gov’t had no business dictating to states what they could and could not do • In 1820 was signed to law slavery would be permitted in Missouri • Maine would be admitted as a free state • Congress established the 36/30 line