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Expert opinion on the water-energy nexus

Expert opinion on the water-energy nexus. Presented to General Accounting Office, Natural Resources and Environment Committee investigating water and power plant siting, Tucson, April 8, 2009. Water and Energy Sustainability with Rapid Growth in the Arizona-Sonora Border Region.

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Expert opinion on the water-energy nexus

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  1. Expert opinion on the water-energy nexus Presented to General Accounting Office, Natural Resources and Environment Committee investigating water and power plant siting, Tucson, April 8, 2009

  2. Water and Energy Sustainabilitywith Rapid Growth in the Arizona-Sonora Border Region Dr. Martin J. (Mike) Pasqualetti Dr. Christopher Scott Joseph Hoover School of Geographical Sciences Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, & Dept. Geography Barrett Honors College Dept. Geography & Regional Development & Regional Devt. Arizona State University University of Arizona Univ. of Arizona pasqualetti@asu.educascott@email.arizona.edu This work is supported by the Arizona Water Institute

  3. Outline • Growth, energy and water • Energy resources (including renewables) at the border • Water resources at the border • Tucson case study • Preliminary conclusions and next steps

  4. Growth, Energy & Water

  5. Arizona’s Rapid Growth

  6. Population Trends in Mexico – 1970 - 1995 Source: El Colegio de la Frontera Norte

  7. Population vs Energy Demand(1990-2005)

  8. Average Gallons per MWhrfor Arizona-Based Facilities Revised 9/29/08

  9. APS’ projected energy demand Still needed DSM / Conservation Renewables 7,298 MW 2,563 MW

  10. Source: Allan T. Marks, 2008. http://www.iamericas.org/documents/energy/ljc08/Allan%20Marks.pdf

  11. Water-Energy Joint Management Potential binational, joint management of water and energy Current resource management in the border area Energy Water Water Energy United States Energy Water Water Energy Mexico

  12. 2. Energy and renewables at the border

  13. Arizona’s Wind Energy Resource Arizona has several promising areas located primarily from St. Johns northwest to Gray Mountain

  14. Geothermal EnergyMexico is 3rd Largest Geothermal Country (over 300 sites identified) On May 2007, the Wagner Trench off Puerto Peñasco was surveyed by researchers from the Institute of Geophysics and the Institute of Marine Science using UNAM’s hydrographic nautical cruiser

  15. Arizona’s Geothermal Resource Geothermal Categories Land Ownership Map prepared by Patrick Laney and Julie Brizzee, INEEL for US DoE, based on data from Geo-Heat Center Geothermal Database, 2002 & NOAA, 1982.

  16. Solar Potential in the US

  17. Solar Potential in Mexico • Solar radiation in Mexico is one of the highest in the world, allowing for an average solar power generation of 5 KW /m2 per day. • A hybrid combined cycle power station, with a 25 MW thermo-solar system, is scheduled to begin operations in 2009, in Agua Prieta, Sonora. Source: Renewable energies for sustainable development in Mexico 2006, Sener.

  18. 3. Water resources at the border Photos by Ashley Coles and Joseph Hoover

  19. Source: Robert Varady (2007) Water issues and institutions: transboundary basins and global water initiatives (PowerPoint)

  20. Arizona and Sonora share multiple rivers, basins, and aquifers Transboundary rivers: Colorado Bavispe Sonoyta-Bámori San Pedro Santa Cruz Transboundary basins: Colorado Basin Desierto de Altar-Río Bamori Concepción-Arroyo Cocóspera Santa Cruz San Pedro Douglas/ Río Yaqui Transboundary aquifers: Santa Cruz San Pedro

  21. Superficial 69.7 % Subterránea 30.3% Current Water Use (CONAGUA Northwest Region) Público urbano ( 5.07% ) 377 Mm3 Agrícola ( 93.50% ) 6,949 Mm3 Usos consuntivos de 7,433.2 Mm3 Pecuario ( 0.70%) 51.7 Mm3 Industrial ( 0.73% ) 54.5 Mm3 Recreación y Turismo (N/SIG.) 1 Mm3

  22. Growing Exports of Ag. Produce = Growing (Virtual) Water Trade

  23. Arizona/Sonora Border Aquifers Stressed US Legend Impacted by over-pumping Stressed by over-pumping Impacted by salt water intrusion Mexico Legend

  24. Changes in Depth to Water Source: USDA FRIS

  25. Night-time ag. pumping

  26. 3. Tucson Case Study(preliminary results) Acknowledgments: Asia Philbin, Tucson Water Tim Kacerek, Central Arizona Project Wendy Gort, Pima County Wastewater Management

  27. Tucson Water • Currently serves 675,000 people • Over 220,000 potable connections • 4,500 miles of pipeline • 51 reservoirs • 5 wellfields Tucson Water. 2004. “Water Plan: 2000-2050.” City of Tucson Water Department. November 22, 2004.

  28. Projected Water Demand Tucson Water. 2004. “Water Plan: 2000-2050.” City of Tucson Water Department. November 22, 2004.

  29. 1 acre foot of water = 325, 851 gallons 1 kWh = 1000 watts. Ex: 100 watt lightbulb left on for 10 hours Unit Sense DOE. End-Use Consumption of Electricity 2001. <http://eia.doe.gov/emeu/recs/recs2001/enduse2001/enduse2001.html> Accessed September 19, 2008.

  30. Conveyance Ex: 2007 CAP delivery 90,300 AF = 283,542,000 kWh 3,140 kWh/AF to get to Tucson

  31. Water Extraction Energy Costs

  32. Water Treatment Energy Costs Direct delivery of CAP water in 1993 and 1994 caused increase in treatment costs

  33. Water Distribution

  34. Wastewater Treatment Weighted Average for three major Tucson area wastewater treatment plants: 1, 145 kWh/AF * *21, 313 kWh/AF for Mt. Lemmon wastewater treatment

  35. Reclaimed Water System

  36. Energy Use Numbers 3,981 kWh/AF 2,203 kWh/AF 28 kWh/AF 355 kWh/AF

  37. Implications of Findings • Energy for potable water delivered to Tucson Water customers: ~4,400 kWh/AF 57% of energy for potable water is CAP • Energy for reused water: ~2,200 kWh/AF 48% of energy for reuse is reclaimed distribution

  38. Future Work • Continued work with Tucson Water • Expand work to include other water providers in Arizona • Salt River Project • Phoenix Water Services • Small water providers throughout the state • Nogales, Sonora - preliminary results by OOMAPAS water provider for potable delivery: ~1,900 kWh/AF (43% of Tucson Water)

  39. Water and Energy Sustainabilitywith Rapid Growth in the Arizona-Sonora Border Region Dr. Martin J. (Mike) Pasqualetti Dr. Christopher Scott Joseph Hoover School of Geographical Sciences Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, & Dept. Geography Barrett Honors College Dept. Geography & Regional Development & Regional Devt. Arizona State University University of Arizona Univ. of Arizona pasqualetti@asu.educascott@email.arizona.edu This work is supported by the Arizona Water Institute

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