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The Cold War

The Cold War . Communists Take Power in China Wars in Korea and Vietnam The Cold War Divides the World. Communists Take Power in China. Communists vs Nationalists. Nationalists & Communists fought for control in China during 1930s Joined forces to fight Japan during WWII

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The Cold War

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  1. The Cold War Communists Take Power in China Wars in Korea and Vietnam The Cold War Divides the World

  2. Communists Take Power in China

  3. Communists vs Nationalists • Nationalists & Communists fought for control in China during 1930s • Joined forces to fight Japan during WWII • After WWII, fighting continued,1946-1949

  4. Communists vs Nationalists • Communists well trained in guerilla war • Communists promised land to peasants • 1949, Communists won the civil war • Nationalists fled to Taiwan

  5. Communists vs Nationalists • 1. What two groups fought the civil war? • 2. Who led them? • 3. Who won the civil war and why?

  6. The Two Chinas Affect the Cold War • US helped Nationalists create new government • “Republic of China” • Soviets helped Mao Zedong & his government • “People’s Republic of China” • Communist China tried to expand power • Invaded Mongolia, Tibet and India

  7. The Two Chinas Affect the Cold War • 4. How did the superpowers take sides with the two Chinas? • 5. Which side did each superpower support?

  8. The Communists Transform China • Mao Zedong plans to rebuild China • Seized land from landowners, gave to peasants • Created collective farms, communes • Land belonged to the group (no private property) • Took control of China’s industries • Increased production of industrial goods • Coal, cement, steel, electricity

  9. The Communists Transform China • “Great Leap Forward” • Create larger, more productive farms • Take • Plan failed • 1958-1961: famine killed millions

  10. The Communists Transform China • Mao tried to revive revolution, “Cultural Revolution” • Goal: society of peasants & workers in which all were equal • “Red Guards,” militia of student-soldiers (teenagers) • “learn revolution by making revolution” • Shut down schools • Killed thousands that resisted • mostly intellectuals that were against revolution

  11. China in chaos • Factories shut down • Farm production dropped • End of “Cultural Revolution”

  12. The Communists Transform China • 6. What are changes that Mao made to China? • 7. Why do you think the Revolution failed?

  13. Wars in Korea and Vietnam

  14. War in Korea • Korea divided into 2 nations after WWII • North of 38th parallel, Japan surrendered to Soviets • South of 38th parallel, Japan surrendered to Allies

  15. War in Korea • 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea • US & other UN nations sent troops to help South Korea • General Douglas MacArthur led the attack on North Korea • 1953: cease-fire • 38th parallel remains dividing line

  16. War in Korea • North Korea: Communist government • Strong army, tight gov’t control • Economic problems • South Korea: dictators • US aid: helped economy grow • 1987 began elections

  17. War in Korea • 8. Describe the division of Korea? • BrainPop: Korean War

  18. War Breaks out in Vietnam • France had control of Vietnam for ~100yrs • Nationalist leader, Ho Chi Minh, defeated French after WWII • Ho Chi Minh received aid from Communists • US fearful of domino theory: if one country falls to communism, surrounding countries will, too • Vietnam was split in two

  19. War Breaks out in Vietnam

  20. War Breaks out in Vietnam • US sent troops to help Vietnam to prevent entire country from becoming communist • Many Americans opposed the war • Vietnamization: • US pulls out of the war, 1973 • North Vietnam overran the South • Vietnam still Communist today

  21. War Breaks Out in Vietnam • 9. What is the domino theory? • 10. What happened in Vietnam after the United States withdrew? • BrainPop Vietnam War

  22. The Cold War Divides the World

  23. Fighting for the Third World • After WWII, world is grouped into THREE “worlds” • First World: United States & Allies • Second World: Soviet Union & Communist Nations • Third World: developing nations of Africa, Asia & Latin America

  24. Fighting for the Third World • Third World nations: serious problems from colonialism • Political unrest • Poverty • Lack of education • Limited or no technology • Many tried to remain non-aligned, to stay out of Cold War

  25. Fighting for the Third World • 11. What problems did Third World nations face?

  26. Fighting for the Third World • Fidel Castro, a revolutionary overthrew Cuban government • Social reforms, ended elections, jailed/executed opponents, censorship • Nationalized economy (took away private ownership) • US began trade embargo • Gained economic support from Soviet Union • Soviets placed nuclear missiles in Cuba • US & Soviet Union ALMOST went to war

  27. Fighting for the Third World • US supported dictator in Nicaragua • Government fell to Communist rebels • Led by Daniel Ortega • Nicaragua began to support Communist rebels in El Salvador • US began to aid Nicaraguan rebels fighting against communist • Civil war continued for 10 years

  28. The Cold War Divides the World

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