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Classification of Things

Classification of Things. Dr. Harold Williams Montgomery College Planetarium http://Montgomerycollege.edu/Departments/planet/. Who, Why, What, Where, When, and How. Who and What are classification questions Who and Why are Religious questions

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Classification of Things

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  1. Classification of Things Dr. Harold Williams Montgomery College Planetarium http://Montgomerycollege.edu/Departments/planet/

  2. Who, Why, What, Where, When, and How • Who and What are classification questions • Who and Why are Religious questions • What, Where, When, and How are Scientific Questions • Who, Why, What, Where, When, and How are Philosophical Questions • Classification spans both Religion and Science by asking Who and What!

  3. Some Common Classifications in Science • Periodic Table of the Elements • Particle Physics and the Standard Model • Fundamental Interactions of Physics • Electron Orbitals or Probability Distributions, the Auf Bau • Geological Time Scales • Biology and the Tree of Life • Spectral Classification of the Stars • Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram and Luminosity Classes as well as spectral classifications • Types of Star Clusters • Types of Galaxies

  4. Big Bang made 75% H, 25% He – stars make everything else

  5. Fundamental Particleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_particles

  6. What are the fundamental building blocks of matter? Proton Neutron

  7. Quarks Proton Neutron • Protons and neutrons are made of quarks • Up quark (u) has charge +2/3 • Down quark (d) has charge -1/3

  8. Fundamental Forces according to the Wikipedia • Electromagnetism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_interaction • Weak Nuclear Force http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_interactions • Electroweak http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroweak_interaction • Strong Nuclear Force http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction • Gravity http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity

  9. Electrons in Atoms, Auf Bau • In quantum mechanics an electron in an atom does not orbit in the usual sense • We can know only the probability of finding an electron at a particular spot

  10. The Geological Time Scale

  11. Tree of Life • Mapping genetic relationships has led biologists to discover this new “tree of life.” • Plants and animals are a small part of the tree. • Suggests likely characteristics of common ancestor.

  12. Lines in a star’s spectrum correspond to a spectral type that reveals its temperature http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_type (Hottest) O B A F G K M (Coolest)

  13. Remembering Spectral Types (Hottest) O B A F G K M (Coolest) • Oh, Be A Fine Girl, Kiss Me • Oh, Be A Fine Guy, Kiss Me • Oh, Be A Fine Gay, Kiss Me • Only Boys Accepting Feminism Get Kissed Meaningfully

  14. Pioneers of Stellar Classification • Annie Jump Cannon and the “calculators” at Harvard laid the foundation of modern stellar classification

  15. H-R diagram depicts: Temperature Color Spectral Type Luminosity Radius Luminosity Temperature

  16. What are the two types of star clusters?

  17. Open cluster: A few thousand loosely packed stars http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_clusters

  18. Globular cluster: Up to a million or more stars in a dense ball bound together by gravity http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globular_cluster

  19. What are the three major types of galaxies?

  20. Hubble Ultra Deep Field

  21. Hubble Ultra Deep Field

  22. Hubble Ultra Deep Field Spiral Galaxy

  23. Hubble Ultra Deep Field Spiral Galaxy

  24. Hubble Ultra Deep Field Elliptical Galaxy EllipticalGalaxy Spiral Galaxy

  25. Hubble Ultra Deep Field Elliptical Galaxy EllipticalGalaxy Spiral Galaxy

  26. Hubble Ultra Deep Field Elliptical Galaxy EllipticalGalaxy Irregular Galaxies Spiral Galaxy

  27. A better name • Spiral galaxies might be better named by calling them Disk galaxies! • Some Disk galaxies have no or little spiral structure, but they are still have disks.

  28. Hubble’s galaxy classes Spheroid Dominates Disk Dominates

  29. Categories • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categories_%28Aristotle%29 • Categories By Aristotle Written 350 B.C.E Translated by E. M. Edghill another one. • Categories List

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