Do you agree or disagree why? What is religion’s true role in history?

1. Do you agree or disagree why?What is religion’s true role in history?

2. Science and the Enlightenment1550 – 1789 Scientific Revolution Age of Reason

3. Enlightenment: a European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition. It was heavily influenced by 17th-century philosophers such as Descartes, Locke, and Newton, and its prominent exponents include Kant, Goethe, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Adam Smith.

4. New Philosophies and Ideologies • Royal Absolutism – monarchs attempted to control all aspects of their subjects lives including religion. • Rationalism - philosophical view that knowledge is acquired through reason, without the aid of the senses. Developed by Rene Descartes Ex: “I think therefore I am” 3. Deism - belief in a God who has no interest in creation. “The Great watch maker god”

5. More Heresies… Quietism - which declares that man's highest perfection consists in a sort of psychical self-annihilation and a consequent absorption of the soul into the Divine Essence even during the present life. Jansenism - theological movement, primarily in France, that emphasized original sin, human depravity, the necessity of divine grace, and predestination

6. Scientific Revolution Refers to historical changes in thought & belief, to changes in social & institutional organization, that unfolded in Europe between mid 1500’s and late 1700’s.

7. Roman Catholic Contributions to Science • University System • Scientific Method • Big Bang Theory • Study of Genetics • Topography/Exploration • Advances in Astronomy

8. Apparent contradictions between Bible and Science. Example: Bible (interpreted litterally) – Earth is 6000 years old Science – Earth is 13.7 billion years old This leads some to question Religion OR others develop Theological conclusions from scientific discoveries. Does this make the Bible invalid?

9. Enlightenment and the Church Decline of Faith and belief in God View that the Church is not necessary Reason alone is the basis of Truth Church loses its political sway Freemasonry develops – aim to undermine the Catholic Church.

10. French Revolution 1789-1814 Dissatisfaction of King Louis XVI by the people. Seven Years War and American Revolution causes debt Fueled by Enlightenment ideals

11. Estates General First Estate – Clergy both rich and poor Second Estate – Nobility Third Estate – Everybody else, the middle class or bourgeoisie and the poor. Comprised 97% of French population The Estates General was convened to deal with current financial crisis.

12. National Assembly 1st and 3rd Estate support the abolition of the 3 estates. The 3rd Estate proclaims itself the “National Assembly” as the true representation of France. Nobility does not recognize the National Assembly and locks them out of the meeting hall.

13. Tennis Court Oath Kicked out of the meeting hall the National Assembly meets at a nearby Tennis Court and makes the following Oath:

14. The National Assembly, considering that it has been called to establish the constitution of the realm, to bring about the regeneration of public order, and to maintain the true principles of monarchy; nothing may prevent it from continuing its deliberations in any place it is forced to establish itself; and, finally, the National Assembly exists wherever its members are gathered. [It] decrees that all members of this assembly immediately take a solemn oath never to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the realm is established and fixed upon solid foundations; and that said oath having been sworn, all members and each one individually confirm this unwavering resolution with his signature. - See more at: http://alphahistory.com/frenchrevolution/record-tennis-court-oath-1789/#sthash.0UrFxSmr.dpuf

15. Quick Timeline May 4, 1789 – Estates General Convenes June 20, 1789 – Tennis Court Oath July 14, 1789 – Bastille Day 1792-1794 – Reign of Terror January 21, 1793 – King Louis XVI is executed

16. De-Christianization & Anti-Catholic Legislation New National calendar created without Church holidays and Sundays Church property taken by the state Turned Churches into stables and stock exchanges Mass forbidden Icons, crosses, religious items destroyed Clergy must swear allegiance to the state, not the pope Creation of false gods/goddesses of Reason and Justice Suppression of Religious Orders. 1000’s of people are killed, including many clergy Pope Pius VI condemns the Revolution

17. Reign of Terror – Enlightenment at its finest! Radical period of the French Revolution 1792-1794 Instituted by the Committee of Public Safety directed by Maximillian Robespierre. Newly invented Guillotine aided the Committee in using terror to control the people and destroy government resistance.

18. King Louis XVI Executed! Read the eyewitness account of the monarch’s execution. Discuss for 5 min with ONE person around you. Discuss if this scene reflects Enlightenment views of, equality, liberty and fraternity? Do you think something like this could happen today? The King was a divine ruler, what else does this regicide express besides political changes? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XB5fyimVXUo

19. Carmelites of Compiegne – • Forced to disband under anti- Catholic laws. • Volunteered to stay in France. And continued their religious life together even thought it was illegal. • They were found out, put on trial, and sent to Paris to be executed. They offered their lives for the conversion of France and an end to the Reign of Terror. • As they were being executed they sang Salve Regina • 10 days after their deaths, the Reign of Terror ended!

20. Napoleon Bonaparte http://www.history.com/topics/napoleon/videos#napoleon

21. Post Revolution France Established government but plagued with civil and economic problems. 1800 - Napoleon mounts a coup d’etat in Paris and creates the French Empire.

22. Napoleon and the Church The Concordat of 1801 was an agreement between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII. It solidified the Roman Catholic Church as the majority church of France and brought back most of its civil status that had been taken away in the revolution. Napoleon is excommunicated in 1809 Pius VII is kidnapped and imprisoned. Finally the Pope returns to Rome in 1814 after 6 years of mistreatment.

23. Church in the 19th C. New Ideas of 19thc. Society stemming from the enlightenment. Liberalism: Ideology focused on human freedom and the idea that progress equals flourishing. Really an effort to gain more freedom, which turns into a wish to do ANYTHING; it's an abuse of free will. Tainted view of Freedom Nationalism: Patriotism to the point of conquering and intolerance towards other nations and even the Church if it stands in the way These lead to further rejection of the Church, God, and religion as a whole.

24. 1814-1914 • Many new political trends develop during the 19th century. • This time period sees many persecutions of the Church • Confiscation of the Papal States in 1870 when Italy unites. Pope Pius IX becomes “Prisoner of the Vatican. • Otto Von Bismarck (Prussian Prime Minister) – Kulturkampfor “culture struggle”

25. Catholic Revival A. Why? • More Catholics than ever before because of missionaries • Amazing renewal and growth in religious orders • growth in women’s religious orders • Growth in missionary orders B. Results • Expansion of Catholic education system • Increase in Catholic hospitals, orphanages C. Missionary Age: made possible by: • Medicine • Transportation • Communication • Enthusiastic young men and women

26. Important Saints John Vianney Therese of Lisieux John Bosco Stuff Going on Missionary Activity Dogma of Immaculate Conception 1854 Pope Pius IX reigns 32 years: WORLD RECORD Syllabus of Errors

27. Vatican I 1868-1870 • Defined Church teachings • Infallibility • God's existence • Revelation • Relation between Faith and Reason • Condemned • Atheism - there is no God • Materialism - Only material things exist • Rationalism - If it can't be proven by science or reason, it's not true • Pantheism - many gods

28. Modern Era WWI & WWII

29. Vatican II • "Open a window in the Church and let the Holy Spirit blow through" • This council is different from all other councils. The others were called to fight heresies and correct errors. This was called to bring new life. Two main themes: 1. Renovation (new life) – aggiornamento a. Mass in the language of the people (langue Franca) b. Gestures (in the Mass) - some eliminated, some changed c. Encouraging all the faithful to strive for holiness d. Gave us fresh teaching on Catholic Social Doctrine e. Guidance for missionaries, ordained ministry, consecrated, laity f. Encouraged using the media for the glory of God 2. Return to the Sources - ancient Christian tradition, see if you've strayed too far • Pope John XXIII died before the end of the Council • So far, his body is incorrupt. He looks as if he were sleeping.

31. http://www.patheos.com/blogs/badcatholic/2012/04/religion-religioff.htmlhttp://www.patheos.com/blogs/badcatholic/2012/04/religion-religioff.html

32. Post Vatican II • John Paul II (1978-2005) • Encyclicals: Fides et Ratio, EvangeliumVitae, Veritatis Splendor • Theology of the Body • Engages the youth of the world: WYD!!! • Influential in the in the breakup of the Soviet Union and communism.

33. Diocese of Wichita History • Founded in 1887 • Bishops • John Hennessy • Mark Carroll • Maloney • Eugene Gerber*** - develops structural model of sterwardship • Thomas J. Olmstead • Michael O. Jackels • ????

34. Fr. Emil Kapun Fr. Emil Kapaun dies a prisoner of war in a Chinese Communist Hospital in Korea, May 23 at the age of 35. Because of his heroism both as a priest and a chaplain to the prisoners of war in the Korean prison camp, the Diocese of Wichita and the US Military are seeking his canonization.

35. Important Saints/Orders -St. Katherine Drexel and St. Frances Cabrini encourage missions in America -French Jesuits missionize in Canada. Many martyrs. -St. Rose Philippine Duchesne: Society of the Sacred Heart opens school for girl in Kansas. “the Woman who always prays.” -Daughters of Charity and Vincentians : Vincent de Paul (love of the poor), Louise de Marillac

36. Marian Apparitions Our Lady of Guadalupe Our Lady of Lourdes Our Lady of Fatima

37. Our Lady of Gudalupe -1531 -Juan Diego -Hill of Tepeyac, near Mexico City - The conversion of over 9 million Indians is attributed to this event. Miraculous appearance of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Spoke to Juan Diego, asked him to have a church built. The Archbishop wants a sign so Mary tells Juan Diego to pick flowers in December. When he reveals his tilma…

39. Our Lady of Guadalupe Miracles • Tilma is made form coarse fibers which should have deteriorated within 30 years, it is in pristine condition 500 years later. It has also survived acid and a bomb • Pigments of the picture do not come from any known substances • No brush strokes or sketches exist, it is almost like a photo. • The tilma maintains a temperature of 98.6 degrees F. • Heartbeats have been rumored to be heard • Microscopic views of Mary’s eyes show the image of a man; a reflection of what she saw: Juan Diego and the people around him.

41. Our Lady of Guadalupe Symbolism -Starts on her mantle match those of actual constellations as seen in the night sky on that very day. • Designs of her dress match the landmarks of Mexico • “A great sign appeared in heaven: a woman clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet” Revelation 12:1 • The Aztec word “quetzelupe” (sounds like Guadalupe) means “one who crushes the serpent.” A main Aztec god Quetzalcoatl was depicted as a snake.

42. Our Lady of Lourdes • 1858 • St. Bernadette • Lourdes France • Mary appears to Bernadette, “I am the Immaculate Conception” (dogma was just promulgated in 1854). Miraculous spring bubbles up and still exists today. Over 4000 unexplainable healings have been attributed to the water.

44. Our Lady of Fatima 1917 Francisco, Jacinta, Lucia Fatima Portugal Six times Mary presented herself to Francisco, Jancinta and Lucia, calling for the reform of the people and a chapel to be built in her honor. Mary revealed three “secrets” to the children about the world.

46. Our Lady of Fatima Secrets Vision of hell Prediction of WWI ending, and prediction of WWII beginning unless Russia was consecrated to Mary. Prophecy of 20th c. persecutions including the assassination attempt on JP II.

47. Our Lady of Fatima Miracle of the Sun On October 13, 1917, a rainy overcast day where over seventy thousand people witnessed “the sun appearing as a disk that gave off various colors and could be looked at without difficulty; it spun like a fireball and looked as it would fall to the earth” (Dedicated to Our Lady of Fatima). The awestruck onlookers discovered their wet clothes dry and local newspapers recorded the astrologically unexplainable event