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Unit 4, Day 2

Unit 4, Day 2. Genetics & Human Development Thu, Jan 17 th (Block, 115 Min) Fri, Jan 18 th (Block, 100 Min). Homework Due Today (0 min) - Stamp. Mendelian Genetics YouTube Video Notes & Problems (35.F). Daily Question (35.A) – 5 min.

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Unit 4, Day 2

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  1. Unit 4, Day 2 Genetics & Human Development Thu, Jan 17th (Block, 115 Min) Fri, Jan 18th (Block, 100 Min)

  2. Homework Due Today (0 min) - Stamp • Mendelian Genetics YouTube Video Notes & Problems (35.F)

  3. Daily Question (35.A) – 5 min • Describe what your ideal child would look like and what they would be good at (or what they would care about) – sports, school, environment, family, etc. Why do you want these characteristics in your child?

  4. Essential Skills and Knowledge (35.A) – 1 min • 2.1.D (Mendelian Genetics) I can describe the genetic basis for Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment. • 2.1.E (Punnett Squares) I can utilize Mendelian genetics to create and analyze monohybrid and dihybrid Punnett squares. • 2.1.F (Phenotype and Genotype) I can predict the probably outcome of phenotypes in a genetic cross from the genotypes of the parents and mode of inheritance (autosomal or X-linked, dominant or recessive).

  5. Homework CFU – 3 min • Question #1 – Set up a monohybrid Punnett Square and answer the following problem: In guinea pigs, short hair, “S”, is dominant to long hair, “s”. One guinea pig is “Ss” and one is “ss”. • What is the probability percentage of guinea pig offspring that will have short hair? Long hair? • What is the probability percentage that the guinea pig offspring will be homozygous dominant, heterozygous, or homozygous recessive?

  6. Homework CFU – 5 min • Question #2 – Set up a DIHYBRID Punnett Square and answer the following problem: In guinea pigs, black fur, “B”, is dominant to white fur, “b”, and rough fur, “R”, is dominant to smooth fur, “r”. • Cross a parent who is heterozygous for BOTH traits with a parent that is homozygous dominant for BOTH traits.

  7. Investigation Before Explanation (6 min) • Rock, Paper, Scissors, Lizard, Spock • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iapcKVn7DdY • We did Rock v. Paper in the video • What would happen if things got more complex?

  8. Just as that got complex… • Genetics is more complex than Mendel thought • There are a lot of exceptions to Mendelian genetics.

  9. Incomplete Dominance (5 min) Teacher Notes Student Practice • Heterozygous genotype = phenotypes BLEND (dom. allele doesn’t fully inhibit) • Cap, letters for both alleles! • WW (white) snapdragon X RR (red) snapdragon. Genotypes & phenotypes of offspring? • Two heterozygous snapdragons are crossed. Genotypes & phenotypes of offspring?

  10. Codominance (5 min) Teacher Notes Student Practice • Heterozygous genotype = shows both phenotypes at the same time. • Use capital letters for both alleles! • A black cat (BB) is crossed with a tan cat (TT). Genotypes & phenotypes? • A tabby cat (BT) is crossed with a tan cat (TT). Genotypes & phenotypes?

  11. Polygenic Traits (5 min) Teacher Notes • Det. by 2 or more gene pairs • Ex: Immune system, skin color, hair, eyes, weight. • Bell curve. • Flip a coin six times. Record number of heads and tails that result at your table. • ______ T, _______ H • Class Data • 0 T, 6 H: • 1 T, 5 H: • 2 T, 4 H: • 3 T, 3 H: • 4 T, 2 H: • 5 T, 1 H: • 6 T, 0 H:

  12. Multiple Alleles (5 min) Teacher Notes • More than 2 alleles for one trait exist • Blood type • 4 possible phenotypes: A, B, AB, O • 3 alleles: • IA= Type A (dom) • IB= Type B (dom) • i = Type O (rec) • Homozygous Type A blood (IAIA) X Homozygous Type B blood (IBIB). Phenotype and genotypes of offspring? What is the result an example of? • Heterozygous A blood (IAi) X Heterozygous Type B blood (IBi). Phenotype and genotypes of offspring?

  13. Karyotype

  14. Sex-Linked Genes (5 min) Teacher Notes Student Practice • Female = XX • Male = XY • X-linked genes: hemophilia, red-green color blindness, etc. • XA or Xa • Child’s sex probability? • Female carrier of red-green color blindness (XAXa) X male non-carrier (XAY). Probability of boys/girls having it? Carriers? • Male with red-green color blindness (XaY) X female non-carrier (XAXA). Probability of boys/girls having it? Carriers?

  15. Wrap-Up (2 min) • Incomplete Dominance: Traits BLEND • Codominance: Both phenotypes are shown • Polygenic Traits: 2 or more gene PAIRS • Multiple Alleles: More than 2 possible alleles for one trait • Sex-Linked Traits: On the X chromosome • There are Y-linked traits (ear hair), but the Y chromosome is super small and it’s biggest purpose is to turn a female into a male (all of us start as females!)

  16. Project Activity (30 min) • Creating your baby! • If you show the DOMINANT phenotype, assume you are HETEROZYGOUS. (Recessive = homozygous recessive) • For polygenic traits (skin color, hair color, eye color): choose the most accurate one for you. • There are some incomplete dominance traits: again, choose the most accurate one for you.

  17. How to determine your child! • To determine the allele you pass onto your child, flip a coin. • In general, Heads = dominant, Tails = recessive. • If you are homozygous recessive, you do not need to flip the coin (100% chance). • Example: XX (mom) and XY (dad) • Only father flips, X = tails, Y = heads • Mom will always pass on X allele

  18. Examples • Round face (RR, Rr) and square face (rr) • You have a round face? Choose Rr, NOT RR • You have a square face? Choose rr. • If: Mom is Rr and Dad is rr • Mom flips heads  R • Dad doesn’t need to flip  r • Curly hair (CC), Wavy (Cc), Straight (cc) • Mom = CC, Dad = Cc • Mom doesn’t need to flip  C • Dad flips tails  c Rr Cc

  19. To determine YOUR polygenic traits… Skin Color Hair Color • Very dark black (AABBCC) • Very dark brown (AABBCc) • Dark brown (AABbCc) • Medium brown (AaBbCc) • Light brown (AaBbcc) • Light tan (Aabbcc) • Pale white (aabbcc) • Black (AABBCCDD) • Very dark brown (AABBCCDd) • Dark brown (AABBCcDd) • Brown (AABbCcDd) • Light brown (AaBbCcDd) • Honey blond (AaBbCcdd) • Blond (AaBbccdd) • Very light blond (Aabbccdd) • White (aabbccdd)

  20. Examples • Skin Color • Mom is dark brown (AABbCc) • Mom doesn’t need to flip for “a” trait  A • Mom flips for “b” trait  B • Mom flips for “c” trait  c • Dad is medium brown (AaBbCc) • Dad flips for “a” trait  a • Dad flips for “b” trait  B • Dad flips for “c” trait  c AaBBcc 3 Capitals = Medium Brown

  21. Baby’s Name • Must be appropriate • There are several baby names that are actually illegal in our world. If need be, I can act as the legal authority. • Examples: Talula Does The Hula, Venerdi (Friday in Italian), Brfxxccxxmnpcccclllmmnprxvclmnckssqlbb11116, Gesher (Bridge in Norwegian), Chow Tow, Smelly Head, @, Miatt(didn’t show if boy or girl), Anus, Devil

  22. If your partner is not in this class… • You will compile your data later. Just do your coin flips!

  23. When you are finished… • Answer the conclusion questions on page 46!

  24. Digital Portfolio • You must scan or type up this document as your justification for your child’s appearance!

  25. Work Time (30 min) • Photos • Journal Entries

  26. Homework • dp.davincischools.org/staff/blarkin • “Homework Spring ‘13” • Reproduction and Prenatal Development • Take notes, do questions  • To make your life easier, you can subscribe to my YouTube channel • Suggestion: begin working on child’s photos 

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