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England and Its Colonies

England and Its Colonies. 13 Colonies?. 13 Colonies. Virginia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maryland, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Delaware, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Georgia. Mercantilism. A country’s ultimate goal is self sufficiency

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England and Its Colonies

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  1. England and Its Colonies

  2. 13 Colonies?

  3. 13 Colonies • Virginia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maryland, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Delaware, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Georgia

  4. Mercantilism • A country’s ultimate goal is self sufficiency • All countries are in competition to acquire the most gold and silver

  5. Navigation Acts • A series of laws restricting colonial trade • No country may trade with the colonies unless British or colonial ships were used • All vessels must be operated by crews made up of at least ¾ English or colonials • The colonies can export certain products to England only • All goods traded between the colonies and Europe must pass through English port first

  6. Effects of the Navigation Acts • Benefited England and most colonists • Created jobs in England • Import taxes benefit English treasury • Expanded colonial shipbuilding • Gave the colonies a monopoly on the sale of tobacco to England

  7. However… • Many colonists continued trading illegally until • 1684: King Charles II revoked Massachusetts’ corporate charter • 1685: King James II created the Dominion of New England • Sir Edmund Andros – “You have no more privileges left you, than not to be sold for slaves.”

  8. Glorious Revolution • King James II, a Catholic, had little respect for Protestant citizens or Parliament • James’ son born, Parliament invites William of Orange (James’ Protestant daughter’s husband) to England • James flees, William and Mary are offered the throne • Parliament passes laws to establish power over monarchs

  9. In the Colonies… • Colonists overthrow Andros and other leaders • Parliament restores colonies to previous status (no more Dominion of New England) • Massachusetts: Governor appointed by King, more religious freedom for non-Puritans

  10. Salutary Neglect • England relaxed its enforcement of most regulations in return for the continued economic loyalty of the colonies

  11. Colonial Government Governor (appointed by King) Advisory Council (appointed by Governor) Local Assembly (elected by colonists)

  12. French and Indian War

  13. Who fought? • French and Indians (on the SAME side) vs. the British and Colonists • British call it the Seven Years War

  14. Britain and France: Colonial Rivals • Struggle for supremacy in Europe • Fighting to build large, impressive world empires • In North America, each wanted control of the Ohio River Valley (French for fur trade, British for land)

  15. French in North America • 1534 – Jacques Cartier explores the St. Lawrence River • 1608 – Samuel de Champlain founds Quebec • 1682 – Louisiana claimed for France • By 1754, population of New France only 70,000 (1,000,000+ in British colonies)

  16. Who were French settlers? • Mostly single men • Fur traders • Catholic priests looking to convert natives • Little interest in founding towns or starting families • Much friendlier with natives

  17. Conflict • 1754 – French build Fort Duquesne on land granted by British to wealthy planters • Governor of Virginia sends militia (led by 22 yr. old George Washington) • Washington sets up Ft. Necessity • The two groups battle, Washington surrenders in July

  18. Seven Years of War • French enjoy early victories (1755-1756) • King George appoints new leadership in the colonies • William Pitt inspires British army, who begins to win • Iroquois agree to side with British • September of 1759: British successfully attack and defeat French forces in Quebec

  19. Treaty of Paris • Signed in 1763 • British get land east of Mississippi River, including New Orleans • True losers were the Native Americans, who now had to deal with the British instead of the French

  20. Conflicts with Natives • Pontiac, Ottawa leader, realizes the British will be trouble • Attacks and captures 8 forts • During peace negotiations, British present smallpox infected blankets to 2 Delaware chiefs • Proclamation of 1763: Colonists are not to settle west of Appalachian Mountains

  21. Sugar Act (1764) • Cut the tax on imported molasses • Placed duties (taxes) on certain imports • Strengthened enforcement of the law allowing prosecutors to try smuggling cases in a vice-admiralty court rather than a more sympathetic colonial court

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