England and Its Colonies

1. England and Its Colonies • Mercantilism • A Nation’s power comes from its wealth. • Self sufficiency through trade and saving gold and silver. • Colonies provided resources and markets

2. Navigation Acts • Law to regulate and protect England’s trade empire. • Goods leaving the colonies must go to England on the way to Europe. • Colonists could not make goods that the British made. • No competition

3. Impact of Navigation Acts Positive Benefits for the Colonies • Free military aid • Guaranteed market and price for colonial goods (monopolies) • Salutary Neglect Negative Effect on the Colonies • Colonies could not develop manufacturing (New England). • Low prices and profits for South created debt to English merchants. • Writs of Assistance violate colonial rights-search warrants.

4. Dominion of New England • Sir Edmund Andros • Appoint to head the new super colony • Treats people badly • Glorious Revolution • William and Mary • Give more power to Parliament • Ends Dominion of New England • Colonists get more freedom

5. Salutary Neglect • Good or beneficial neglect • Curfew example • Did not enforce laws • Navigation Acts, etc. • Leads to colonial self government

6. The Agricultural South • Plantations and Small Farmers • Cash crop • Tobacco, rice, indigo, and cotton • Evolution of slavery and the slave trade • Triangle trade and the middle passage • Slaves use culture to cope in the new world • Some slaves rebel • Stono Rebellion

8. The Commercial North • Diverse economy • Merchants, shipbuilders, small farmers, fishing • Urban life • Philadelphia, Boston, New York • New immigrants • Role of women (Similar to the South) • 2nd class citizen • Lacked education • Couldn’t vote

10. Cartoon • Draw two scenes in the space provided in your notes. • One of the typical economy in the south and one of the typical economy in the north. • Include various scenes of people working, be sure to show all aspects of the economy. Be sure to show how they are different.

11. North South Plantations (tobacco, rice, cotton), slave trade, shipping these raw materials, small farms in the west. • Small farms (corn, wheat, and other vegetables), fur trappers, forest timber for lumber, shopkeepers, blacksmiths, shipping, ship building.

12. Slavery in Colonial America • Need for a new, cheap source of labor because of large landholdings. • First slaves arrived at Jamestown in 1619 to work on tobacco plantations. • Growth of slavery was tied to the growth of the plantation system • In 1690 – 13,000 slaves in the Southern colonies • In 1750 – 200,000 slaves in the Southern colonies • Around the age of 12, slaves began full-time work, which would continue until their death.

13. The Great Awakening: A Religious Revival • A religious movement that swept both Europe and the colonies during the mid-17th century. • Attacked the dry procedural approach of the established churches • Boring • (Anglican/Congregationalist) in favor of emotion, excitement.

14. The Great Awakening (cont.) • Those who supported this new approach were called ‘new lights’ and those who supported the established churches were called ‘old lights.’ • Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield were the most famous ministers of this movement.

15. Effects of the Movement • Brought religion to the lower class and slaves. • Led to the rapid growth of evangelical religions (Methodists, Baptists). • Established churches lose power • Laid the foundation for the First Amendment, the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom. • Foundation of American Revolution

16. Enlightenment • Enlightenment • Benjamin Franklin • American Philosophical Society, Junto reading group • It is known as the Age of Reason • God created a world based on order and rational thought • World explained by science • John Locke – Social Contract

17. The impact of the Enlightenment and Great Awakening • Discuss the following with your partner. • How could each change the colonists? • List ideas or beliefs from these movements that led to the American Revolution?

18. Classwork – page 82 - 84 • Summarize in your own words the importance of the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment. • What was the focus of each movement? • What was each movements impact? • Identify four people who were involved with the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment. (two for each) • You need to include specifics on what they did that was important. Ex: books, speeches, inventions, new ideas, etc.

19. Britain and FranceBitter Rivals in America • Ohio River Valley • British and France fight over land

20. New France • Mostly fur traders and Catholic priests • No desire to build towns or raise families • Friendlier relations with Native Americans • In 1754 • 70,000 people in New France • 1,000,000 people in the British colonies

21. Fort Necessity • George Washington, Age 22 • Takes a militia to find the French • Builds Fort Necessity • French launch a counter attack and take Washington and his militia

22. The French and Indian War • War between rivals England and France (1754 and 1763) over the Ohio River Valley in North America. • England was allied with its American colonies, while the French were allied with several Native American tribes. • George Washington debuts on the battlefield and is defeated by the French at Fort Duquesne.

23. Albany Plan • Benjamin Franklin suggested a plan of union to unite the colonies in 1754 to raise money, troops, and regulate trade. • British and colonial governments reject Albany Plan because they fear power of centralized government. • Plan represented precedent for working together for later American Revolution.

24. The Treaty of Paris, 1763 • The English defeated the French and negotiated a favorable peace. • The French gave up all its North American colonies. • Canada and all land east of the Mississippi to England. • All land west of Mississippi to Spain to compensate for loss of Florida to the British. • The French would look for an opportunity for revenge-American Revolution.

25. After the French and Indian War… • France was driven out of North America. • Proclamation of 1763 prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains. • Great Britain did not want to have to pay to defend colonists from Native Americans in unsettled areas. • Great Britain increased taxes to cut debt from war.

26. The French and Indian War:A Major Turning Point for British-Colonial Relations Colonies: • United them against a common enemy for the first time. • Created resentment towards the British that would only intensify. • Proclamation of 1763 aimed at ending expansion west of the Appalachians. Britain: • Increased its colonial empire in the Americas. • Stationed 10,000 troops in its territory. • Contempt for the colonists created bitter feelings. • Doubled its national debt.

27. Analyzing Political Cartoons

28. New Problems with the Native Americans • Pontiac – rebellious Ottawa leader • Worried about British expansion • Captures eight British forts • Small pox blankets • Weakens the Native Americans • Proclamation of 1763 • Settlers not allowed west of Appalachian Mountains

29. Colonies and Britain Grow Apart • Crack down on smuggling • Writs of assistance • Search ships and businesses • 10,000 troops stationed in the colonies • Colonist fear standing army

30. Britain's National Debt • National Debt doubles • George Grenville – new Prime Minister • New taxes • Sugar Act • Lessens duties on molasses • Places duties on other imports • Try smuggling cases in vice-admiralty courts