England and its Colonies

1. England and its Colonies

2. The Navigation Acts Cause Why did Parliament pass the Navigation Acts (1660)? To tighten England’s control over colonial trade and protect against competition in order to create wealth (mercantilism)

3. Objective: To analyze the causes and effects of the Navigation Acts of the 1660’s A painting of a French seaport from 1638, at the height of mercantilism, by Claude Lorrain

4. Navigation Acts (1660's) I’m bloody filthy rich! furniture lumber tools iron textiles cotton Most products could be sold only to England. ex: sugar, tobacco, indigo

5. All products going to the colonies had to first go through England where the products were taxed spices tea tea spices

6. Effects of the Navigation Acts There was an increase in smuggling in the colonies Colonists became angry when England began to enforce the Navigation Acts but eventually accepted them

7. The Navigation Acts Effects How did these acts benefit England? • Increased England’s wealth (created jobs) and gave access to certain colonial goods (tobacco) How did the acts benefit the colonies? • Spurred an economic boom (ex: shipbuilding) How did the acts hurt the colonies? • Restricted trade with other areas (smuggling)

8. English Rulers and Colonial Policies Charles II (1660-1685) -Angered by Massachusetts's refusal to obey English Law -Made them a royal colony James II (1685-1688) -Consolidated all Northern colonies and enlisted Edmund Andros to rule region William and Mary (1689-1702) -Succeeded James II and helped establish supremacy of Parliament -Restored colonial charters BUT appointed governors

9. The Glorious Revolution Cause Why did the Glorious Revolution occur? • Unpopularity of King James II (Catholicism) Effect How did this revolution affect England? • Establishment of Parliament’s power over the monarchy How did it affect the colonies? • Restored original charters • Required more religious freedom in Massachusetts • Salutary Neglect begins (less supervision from England)

10. The Commercial North Ch 3 Sec 3

11. Compare Primary Sources John Adams (Northerner) Philip Vickers Fithian (Southerner) We stroll’d down the pasture quite to the river, admiring the pleasantness of the evening, and delightsome prospect of the river hills, huts, low bottoms, trees of various kinds, and sizes, cattle and sheep feeding some near us and others at a great distance on the green sides of the hills…. I love to walk on these high hills…. Where I can have a long view of many miles • “Who can study in Boston Streets? I am unable to observe the various objects that I meet, with sufficient precision. My eyes are so diverted with chimney sweeps, carriers of wood, merchants, ladies, priests, carts, horses, oxen, coaches, market men and women, soldiers, sailors, and my ears with the rattle gabble of them all that I can’t think long enough in streets upon any one thing to start and pursue a thought”

12. Northern Colonies Southern Colonies • Produced several crops per farm • Developed thriving industries • Developed a powerful merchant class • Had numerous cities • Faced a variety of social problems • Population had more ethnic, religious, and national groups • Produced single cash crops (rice and tobacco) • Primarily a farming economy • Few merchants • Had few major cities (Charles Town) • Had fewer social problems (less urban society) • Had a more uniform population

13. The Enlightenment • What kind of movement was it (intellectual, social, political, religious)? • Who were its key figures in the colonies? • What ideas did it stress? • What did it encourage? • Intellectual movement • Benjamin Franklin; Thomas Jefferson • The world is not governed by miracles or chance, but by mathematical laws (individuals have natural rights) • To use experimentation and observation as tools to make discoveries, rely on reason, and question authority (British Monarchy)

14. The Great Awakening • What kind of movement was it (intellectual, social, political, religious)? • Who were its key figures in the colonies? • What ideas did it stress? • What did it encourage? • Religious movement • Jonathan Edwards; George Whitefield • A return to Puritan values, rededication to God, and the need for salvation • To rededicate themselves to God, join organized churches, founded colleges, and question authority

15. Jonathan Edwards “The God that holds you over the pit of hell, as much as one holds a spider, or some loathsome insect over the fire, abhors (hates) you, and is dreadfully provoked: His wrath towards you burn like fire; He looks upon you as worthy of nothing else but to cast into the fire;… and yet it is nothing but His hand that holds you from falling into the fire every moment”

16. The French and Indian War

17. North America 1750’s

18. Motivations

19. What did Britain Gain? Canada Virtually all of North America east of the Mississippi River

20. What did Britain lose? • Lives • Colonists respect • A good deal of money

21. What did the colonies gain? • Access to what had been French territories • This will be taken away with the Proclamation of 1763, which banned settlements West of the Appalachians

22. What did the colonies lose? • Lives • Profits from trade (Britain wanted to stop smuggling and help pay for the war) • Rights commonly held by British subjects (search and seizure)

23. What did the French and Native Americans lose during the war? • Both lost lives and land • Native Americans on both sides of the war were given the least