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WORK IN SKINS

Explore global methods, materials, and tools used to work in animal skins with a focus on ecological relationships and cultural contexts.

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WORK IN SKINS

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  1. WORK IN SKINS Worldwide ComparisonsExercise Adapted from Teaching eHRAF Exercise 2.4 “Hide Working and Tanning Leather”by ChristianeCunnar

  2. WORK IN SKINS In this exercise,youwill comparemethods, materials, and toolsusedby societies across theworldto work in animalskins Fes Tannery. Men conditioning hides. By Patrick MorinCC- BY-SA-3.0 via WikimediaCommons ThisTeachingExerciseisprovidedbytheHumanRelationsAreaFilesatYaleUniversityinNewHaven,CT

  3. ThisTeachingExerciseisprovidedbytheHumanRelationsAreaFilesatYaleUniversityinNewHaven,CTThisTeachingExerciseisprovidedbytheHumanRelationsAreaFilesatYaleUniversityinNewHaven,CT EXERCISE DETAILS TIME: 40minutes MATERIALSREQUIRED: HRAFAccess Worksheet and pen or other materials for recordinganswers ➤ ➤ STUDENT LEARNINGOUTCOMES: Atthe end of this assignment, you will be able to: explain and analyze cross-cultural differences in technology for working in skins across multiple culturegroups describe the material traces left by various stages of work inskins analyze how technologies for work in skins reflect a culture’s access to different naturalresources describe the social context of work in skins across multiplesocieties gainexperienceinteambasedsecondarydatacollectionandanalysistechniques construct effective and efficient search strategies in eHRAF in order to retrieve data relevant to a specifictopic/assignment. ➤ ➤ ➤ ➤ ➤ ➤

  4. METHODS OF WORK IN SKINS REVEAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS LeftImage:CreeWomanworkingon a largemoosehide-WaterhenRiver area, NorthernSaskatchewan.ByProvincialArchivesofAlberta.Publ Domain Image via Wikimedia Commons. Upper Right Image: Fez Tannerty. Michal Borowski CC by SA3.0Vi12Ham ThisTeachingExerciseisprovidedbytheHumanRelationsAreaFilesatYaleUniversityinNewHaven,CT

  5. ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS The materials used for softening and preserving hides as well as dying them reflect a culture’s access to different naturalresources. Cultures located in coastal areas or in proximity to waterways, such as the Yakut of Siberia, often use fish products such as fish oil or fish liver as softening agents to processhides. Omul Fish being prepared for smoking. Photo By Jan van der Crabben CC BY-SA 2.0via WikimediaCommons ThisTeachingExerciseisprovidedbytheHumanRelationsAreaFilesatYaleUniversityinNewHaven,CT

  6. Blue Oak Bark by Yath atthe English language Wikipedia CC-BY-SA-3.0 via WikimediaCommons The Tarahumara of Mexico use tree products such as pulverized oak bark fortannins. TARAHUMARA ThisTeachingExerciseisprovidedbytheHumanRelationsAreaFilesatYaleUniversityinNewHaven,CT

  7. This Teaching Exerciseis provided by the Human Relations Area Filesat Yale University in New Haven,CT PAWNEE The Pawnee of the northern Plains (now Nebraska) use elmbark. Elm Bark. Photo by Ptelea at en.wikipedia. Public Domain Imagevia WikimediaCommons

  8. Toivo Immanuel Itkonen (1984) reports that the Saami in Northern Europe made red leather by using alder bark, mixed with ashes and warmwater. SAAMI Alder Bark. By Walter SiegmundCC-BY- SA-3.0 via WikimediaCommons

  9. ASSIGNMENT PART 1 In groups of 5 members, have each individual select one word or term from the listbelow. List of agents used in hide work in anddyeing Brains(fromanimals)Fish Liver Salt Oil Bark Fat Lime Butter Water

  10. ACree woman cleans green deer hides prior to tanning them. 1939. Unknown Photographer. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs. Red Lake Agency. Public Domain Image. Each individual should now conduct an advanced search for OCM subject "work in in skins" in combination with the chosen terms from thelist. *For help with Advanced Searches ineHRAF World Cultures, clickhere. ASSIGNMENT PART 1: Execute TheSearch

  11. ASSIGNMENT PART 1 While researching their materials, each group member should fill in a data table, such as the followingexample. Cross-Cultural Use of Material X for Work inSkins SocietyName How MaterialisUsed Specialnotes SocietyA➤ Applied to hides before tanning (Efuwozor2016) By women, in large groups of 40 (Dane2016). Gathered by children (Ellis2010). Applied to hasten the tanning process (Ellis2010) Also used to soften leather (Cane1990) ➤ Appliedbymen,withtanningworkdonebywomen. Secretive process of aquiring it (Cane1990). SocietyB ➤ ThisTeachingExerciseisprovidedbytheHumanRelationsAreaFilesatYaleUniversityinNewHaven,CT

  12. ASSIGNMENT PART 2 As a group answer the following questions for each material. (5 minutes for eachmaterial) Question 1: What common steps, access, or spaces are needed to acquire this material across multiple societies? British Women Working in Tannery in Nottingham. UnknownPhotogrtapher. 1914. UBC Library Digitization Centre via Wikimedia Commons. Public DomainImage ThisTeachingExerciseisprovidedbytheHumanRelationsAreaFilesatYaleUniversityinNewHaven,CT

  13. ThisTeachingExerciseisprovidedbytheHumanRelationsAreaFilesatYaleUniversityinNewHaven,CTThisTeachingExerciseisprovidedbytheHumanRelationsAreaFilesatYaleUniversityinNewHaven,CT ASSIGNMENTPART 3 As a group select the two tables with the most detailed information about materials. As a group, discuss and answer the following questions for both materials. Question 2. Is there a gender, class, age group, or population subset, most likely to be using this material? Explain. (5minutes) Question 3. What evidence would the harvesting and use of this material leave in the archaeological record? (5minutes) InuitWomanDressingWalrusSkin.Alaska,N.D.JohnNathanCobb University of Washington. Public DomainImage.

  14. ThisTeachingExerciseisprovidedbytheHumanRelationsAreaFilesatYaleUniversityinNewHaven,CTThisTeachingExerciseisprovidedbytheHumanRelationsAreaFilesatYaleUniversityinNewHaven,CT TheSiouxIndianwomenoftheTetonorWesternDakotatribesustainedandperpetuatedvillagelifeusingtheiragriculturalanddomesticskills.Amongthe Dakota women's many skills were porcupine quill work and bead embroidery. They also performed such essential tasks as dressing hides for clothingand RESOURCES Assignment Rubric, Tips,References shelter, caring for the children and cooking. Public Domain Image via WikimediaCommons

  15. ThisTeachingExerciseisprovidedbytheHumanRelationsAreaFilesatYaleUniversityinNewHaven,CTThisTeachingExerciseisprovidedbytheHumanRelationsAreaFilesatYaleUniversityinNewHaven,CT RUBRIC The following rubric is suggested for evaluatingresponses: ➤

  16. FURTHER READING For more exercises and teaching resources related to human societies past and present, explore TeachingeHRAF. For a more detailed version of this particular exercise with additional questions and activities check out Exercise 2.4 Hide Workingby ChristianeCunnar. Check out the Advanced Search Tutorialfor detailed instructions on conducting searches in eHRAF WorldCultures. For information on hide working practices in the archaeological record, check out eHRAFArchaeology. ➤ ➤ ➤ ➤ ThisTeachingExerciseisprovidedbytheHumanRelationsAreaFilesatYaleUniversityinNewHaven,CT

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