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Allele

Important Genetic Concepts. Genotype. Phenotype. Gene. Allele. C. N. Flow of Genetic Information. Page 353. Deoxyribonucleotide. Pg. 256. DNA Bases. Pg. 255. DNA Strand. Pg. 257. 5’. 3’. 3’. 5’. DNA Structure. Page 6. Ribonucleotide. OH. RNA Bases. Amino Acid Structure.

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Allele

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  1. Important Genetic Concepts Genotype Phenotype Gene Allele

  2. C N Flow of Genetic Information Page 353

  3. Deoxyribonucleotide Pg. 256

  4. DNA Bases Pg. 255

  5. DNA Strand Pg. 257

  6. 5’ 3’ 3’ 5’ DNA Structure Page 6

  7. Ribonucleotide OH

  8. RNA Bases

  9. Amino Acid Structure Pg. 397

  10. Page 360

  11. Possible Reading Frames for RNA

  12. Mutation (Chapt. 16) Classification of Mutations Mechanisms of Mutagenesis DNA Repair Pathways

  13. Conservative Missense Mutation

  14. Non-conservative Missense Mutation

  15. Mutation (Chapt. 16) Classification of Mutations Mechanisms of Mutagenesis DNA Repair Pathways

  16. Old Old DNA Replication Template-dependent Semi-conservative 5’ to 3’ Synthesis New Old Old New Pg. 279

  17. Base Pair Structures Pg. 416

  18. Thymine Base Pairing Standard AT Base pair Tautomeric Shift Base pair Pg. 416

  19. A A C T C A G T G C G T Tautomeric Shift Base Pairs Standard Base Pairs Rare tautomers are shown in Red

  20. DNA molecule with TA CG transition mutation Affected base pair Tautomeric Shift of “A” Pg. 416

  21. Figure 16.4

  22. Insertion/Deletion Mutations by Replication Slippage

  23. ( OH) Oxidation of Guanine 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-guanine (8-oxoG) OH Produced From Electron Transport

  24. 8-oxoG-A Base Pair Adenine 8-oxoG

  25. Ethylmethane Sulfonate Mutagenesis Pg. 418

  26. Intercalating Agents Ethidium Bromide

  27. Intercalation

  28. Electromagnetic Spectrum UVA 380-320 UVB 320-290 UVC 290-100 (XP Photosensitivity: 280 to 310 nm) Pg. 371

  29. DNA damage induced by UV light Can NOT form Base pairs! Fig. 15-9 Pg. 372

  30. OH Ionizing Radiation X-rays Gamma rays Nuclear radiation DNA Double-Strand Breaks (DSBs) Chromosome Mutations (Chapter 8)

  31. Mutation (Chapt. 16) Classification of Mutations Mechanisms of Mutagenesis DNA Repair Pathways

  32. Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) Pathway (NER) UV (pyrimidine dimer) (XP proteins) Pg. 424

  33. Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) Pathway (NER) UV (pyrimidine dimer) Individuals that are homozygous for loss-of-function alleles of one of the XP genes Damaged DNA Replicated Mutations!

  34. Xeroderma pigmentosum

  35. OH Ionizing Radiation X-rays Gamma rays Nuclear radiation DNA Double-Strand Breaks (DSBs) Repair by Homologous Recombination (Fig. 16-16) Chromosome Mutations (Chapter 8)

  36. Chromosome Mutations (Chapt. 8) Pg. 426

  37. Response to DNA Double-Strand Breaks

  38. Human Molecular Genetics Human Mutations Linking Genotype to Phenotype Dominance Relationship of Alleles

  39. Red Blood Cells Normal Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle Cell Trait

  40. Hemoglobin ß-globin (146 amino acids) ß-globin (146 amino acids)

  41. Molecular Genetics of Sickle-Cell Anemia Normal Individual Codon #6 Hb-A Sickle Cell Individual Hb-S

  42. Hb-A Hb-S Pg. 350

  43. Molecular Genetics of Sickle-Cell Anemia HbA Allele Codon #6 Hb-A HbS Allele Hb-S

  44. HbAHbA HbSHbS HbAHbS Genotype/Phenotype

  45. WT and Mutant ß-globin Proteins Hb WT Protein Hb-A Hb Mutant Proteins

  46. Huntington’s Disease Dominant Allele Neurodegenerative Disorder

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