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CAEP Working Group 3 Emissions Technical Issues

This report highlights the responsibilities of ICAO Working Group 3 (WG3) in developing standards for aircraft engine emissions, reviewing measurement procedures, and recommending changes to Annex 16. It also discusses environmental problems, determining the environmental need, long-term emissions technology goals, regulated emissions, CO2 standards, alternative emissions methodology, and noise stringency. Conclusions and future work of WG3 are presented.

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CAEP Working Group 3 Emissions Technical Issues

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  1. CAEP Working Group 3Emissions Technical Issues Robert J. Shuter Rapporteur WG 3

  2. WG 3 Responsibilities • develop standards for aircraft engine emissions • review the methodology for these standards • review measurement procedures • recommend changes to Annex 16,Volume II to the Convention on International Aviation, Aircraft Engine Emissions

  3. New Standards Three ICAO principles for new standards are: • Environmental need • Technically achievable • Cost effective

  4. Environmental Problems • Ground level pollution • Global climate change (Kyoto Protocol) • Growth of aviation

  5. Determining the Environmental Need • Research Focal Points • Focal Point on Liaison • Airport Air Quality Studies • IPCC Report • Kyoto Accord

  6. Aviation Technology • Manufacturer’s briefings • 20% improvement in aircraft efficiency between 1997 and 2015 • NOx reductions 30-50% below CAEP/2 limits by 2020 • Emissions reductions from advanced engine technology are not sufficient to counteract the projected growth of aviation

  7. Long Term Emissions Technology Goals • a task group has initiated work towards longer term framework of technology goals to reduce emissions • questioning the relationship between ICAO standards and technology development • believe that the development of emissions forecasting tools for aviation is ICAO’s responsibility

  8. Regulated Emissions • Smoke • Gaseous emissions: • Unburned hydrocarbons (HC) • Carbon monoxide (CO) • Oxides of nitrogen (NOx)

  9. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)Standard • WG3 was asked to consider a CO2 standard • CO2 emissions are directly related to fuel burn • Fuel efficiency is already high as a result of market economic pressures • Point certification for CO2 could drive manufacturers to meet compliance for this point at the expense of the overall missions efficiency

  10. The LTO Cycle • The landing, take-off cycle includes four phases of flight: modetimethrust • take-off 0.7 minutes 100% • climb 2.2 minutes 85% • approach 4.0 minutes 30% • taxi/ground idle 26.0 minutes 7%

  11. Alternative Emissions Methodology • address requirements for calculating emissions for cruise and climb phases of flight • use performance based procedures • need to define “worst case” certification points • develop method to estimate actual emissions

  12. Noise Stringency • WG3 was asked to examine the impact of noise stringency on emissions from aircraft • Generally more modern aircraft are more efficient (High bypass ratio) • Aggressive noise reduction could lead to increased emissions

  13. Conclusions Presented to CAEP • Need to review the validity of the existing LTO emissions certification regime • Good progress has been made on alternate emissions methodology and long term goals • No CO2 standard • No changes to Annex 16

  14. WG3 Future Work Program • Review current LTO cycle • Complete AEM task • Develop long term technology goals • Asses technology advances • Monitor atmospheric research • Investigate new NOx standard • Propose production cut-off for CAEP/4 std

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