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VIRUS AND VARIETIES – 2009 UPDATE 2010 Empire State Expo. Steve Reiners, Jim Ballerstein Associate Professor of Horticultural Sciences NYSAES, Cornell University, Geneva sr43@cornell.edu.
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VIRUS AND VARIETIES – 2009 UPDATE2010 Empire State Expo Steve Reiners, Jim Ballerstein Associate Professor of Horticultural Sciences NYSAES, Cornell University, Geneva sr43@cornell.edu
NYS Yield losses since 2001 more than $10 million – most severe in odd numbered years with up to 90% loss! 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
Snap Bean Issues • Insecticides/seed treatments not effective • Virus effects are compounded by plant stress - temperature, soil moisture • Resistant varieties are long term solution • Until then, determine level of tolerance in existing varieties
2008 Greenhouse evaluation of foliar response to CMV Planted May 7 Inoculated with virus on May 21 Readings taken on June 6 RatingVisual Symptoms 1 Symptoms absent to very mild 2 Mild chlorosis, slight twisting, 3 Twisted leaves, epinasty 4 Blisters, severe, epinasty on young leaves 5 Severe distortion, blisters, necrosis
RatingVisual Symptoms 1 - Symptoms absent to very mild 2 - Mild chlorosis, slight twisting 3 - Twisted leaves, epinasty 4 - Blisters, severe, epinasty on young leaves 5 - Severe distortion, blisters, necrosis
Field Trials, ’08 and ‘09 – Planting One – June 25 Planting Two – July 16 Hystyle plants grown in greenhouse and inocuated with CMV, used to provide inoculum for field. Half of field plot inoculated with CMV at the first trifoliate stage, then covered with floating row cover. Five feet of row harvested.
2008 Results – Across all varieties 2009 Results – Across all varieties
2008 2009
Of 21 varieties field tested in 2008 and 2009, only five showed a level of tolerance to Cucumber Mosaic Virus Huntington Rogers Large sieve Pensacola Rogers Large sieve Summit Seneca Large sieve Cartegena Seminis Whole Banga Seminis Whole
Plans for 2010 Repeat field trial with tolerant varieties and add new ones. All varieties inoculated with CMV. Several varieties will be inoculated with both CMV and Alfalfa Mosaic Virus (AMV). Greenhouse screen with all varieties to test for resistance to Clover Yellow Vein Virus (Phil Griffiths).