1 / 15

INTRODUCTION TO System Resources

INTRODUCTION TO System Resources. Definition of System Resources. I n some ways, everything in a PC is a resource like RAM, Hard Disk, Processor time etc.

keala
Download Presentation

INTRODUCTION TO System Resources

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. INTRODUCTION TO System Resources

  2. Definition of System Resources In some ways, everything in a PC is a resource like RAM, Hard Disk, Processor time etc. However, there are in particular special resources in the system that are shared by the various devices and these are called System Resources or Device Resources. These are not physical "parts" of the system for the most part, though they have hardware that implement.

  3. System resources are important because they must be shared by the various devices in your PC. This includes. • Motherboard • Expansion Devices • Peripheral Devices • Controllers, etc. • The amount of these resources is very limited, and as you add more devices to your system it can be difficult to find enough resources to satisfy all the requirements. This can lead to resource conflicts. Importance Of System Resources

  4. Types Of System Resources • Interrupt Request Lines (IRQ’s) • DMA Channels • Input / Output Addresses • Memory Addresses

  5. Interrupt Request Line Interrupt Request Line are hardware lines over which devices can send interrupt signals to the processor. Interrupt Signal -> is a signal send by device to processor, when a device needs processor time. Interrupt Controller Device interrupts are fed to the processor using a special piece of hardware called an interrupt controller. The standard for this device is the Intel 8259 interrupt controller.

  6. Two Interrupt Controller is used to provide 16 Interrupt lines.

  7. Interrupt Priority The PC processes device interrupts according to their priority level. the priority levels are directly tied to the interrupt number: The Priorities is order of 0, 1, (8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15), 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Interrupt Sharing Interrupts are single-device resources means one interrupt line can be used by only one device. The device can share interrupt lines, but under specific conditions that two devices are never use simultaneously.

  8. IRQ Lines Summary

  9. Direct Memory Access Channels Direct memory access (DMA) channels are system pathways used by many devices to transfer information directly to and from memory. DMA controller -> Standard DMA transfers are managed by the DMA controller. DMA Controller have 4 DMA channels. Two Controllers are cascade two provide 8 DMA channels.

  10. Sharing Of DMA Channels DMA Channels are single-device resources means one DMA Channel can be used by only one Device. The device can share DMA Channels, but under specific conditions that devices are never use simultaneously.

  11. I/O Address An specific space in memory that is used by various devices to exchange Information between themselves and processor. The size of space depends upon the device capacity to transfer the data. The I/O Address is also called I/O Ports. The Input / Output Address are referred by the first byte of the address.

  12. Memory Address Some Devices needs extra space in upper memory area for there own use. The devices that use a memory area generally use it for their own BIOS, which contains code to control the device and is invoked by direct calls or calls from the internal system BIOS.

  13. Assigning Resources to Devices • Hardware Settings – By Using Jumpers and Dip Switches. Not in use. • BIOS – System BIOS allocates Resources to Devices at System Startup. By comparing the old devices configuration data stored in ESCD. • Plug & Play Devices – Devices which are subscribe to Plug & Play standards can configure themselves means the Operating system provide the resources and you can change there settings through windows Device Manager.

  14. QUESTIONS?

More Related