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Computing Fundamentals

Computing Fundamentals. Unit 2- Computer Hardware. Objectives. Identify system components Describe the role of the central processing unit Define computer memory Identify types of storage devices Care for storage media. Motherboard. Circuit board Different sizes Connects components

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Computing Fundamentals

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  1. Computing Fundamentals Unit 2- Computer Hardware

  2. Objectives • Identify system components • Describe the role of the central processing unit • Define computer memory • Identify types of storage devices • Care for storage media

  3. Motherboard • Circuit board • Different sizes • Connects components • CPU • Memory • Expansion ports/slots • Bus • Data transfer to components

  4. CPU • Microprocessor “Brain” • Hertz (MHz & GHz) • Reads/interprets instructions • Performs calculations to complete tasks • 1979= 8 MHz • 1993= 200 MHz • 2010= 3 GHz • Dual-core/multi-core

  5. RAM • Active programs/data are held • Stores what you are creating • Volatile (Temporary) • Power off= lose RAM • Measured in bytes • MB or GB • 4GB is standard now

  6. Memory Size • 1’s & 0’s • Use for storage size • Hard drive, RAM, CD/DVD • Bit • 8 bits = 1 byte • KB= 1024 bytes • MB= Million bytes • GB= Billion bytes • TB= Trillion bytes

  7. ROM • On motherboard • BIOS ROM • Has instructions to boot your computer • Read only- no store data • Non-volatile • Stays when power is off

  8. Boot Process • Start PC • ROM BIOS looks for OS • Loads OS into RAM • OS Starts • You log in

  9. Review • What is a CPU measured in? • MHz or GHz • Which memory is volatile? • RAM • Which is the largest? • 3GB • 3MB • 3KB

  10. Magnetic Storage 3.5”- desktop 2.5”- laptop MB or GB 320GB 1TB Storage- Hard Drive

  11. Optical (laser) CD-ROM, DVD-ROM CD-R, DVD+/- R CD-RW, DVD+/- RW Blu-Ray ROM= Read Only R= Record Once RW= Rewritable CD= 80 min./ 700MB DVD= 2 hrs./ 4.7GB BD= 4.5 hrs. of HD/ 25GB Storage- CD

  12. Storage- Floppy Disks 8-inch 5 ¼” 3 ½” Magnetic Storage- 3.5”=1.44MB

  13. Flash No moving parts Data & electricity Storage- Flash

  14. Storage- Solid State Drive/Media • Hard drive with no moving parts • Non-volatile • Used as mobile storage, music players, etc.

  15. Review • T/F. Hard drives are used to temporarily store what you are creating. • False • Which removable storage would you use to copy pictures from one PC to another? • Flash Drive, Memory Card, Floppy, Ext. HD • Which optical storage would be used to store music and then later erased to store photos? • CD-RW

  16. Allow data IN the computer Input Devices

  17. Mouse- Input • Ball • Optical • Laser • On-screen arrow is pointer • Pointing • Clicking • Dragging • Double-clicking • Right-clicking

  18. Voice Recognition- Input • Speak commands into PC & enter text • Software must be installed • Disabled people use

  19. Are these input devices?

  20. Output Devices • Data comes OUT of the computer • Name some

  21. PC Connections

  22. USB Ports • PnP “hot swap” • Handles up to 127 devices • Speeds up to 480mbps (40MB) • A to B connections B A

  23. PS/2 Purple Keyboard Green Mouse 6 pin VGA Blue Monitor 15 pin female PS/2 Ports & VGA Port

  24. Serial 9 port male RS-232 Old modems & mice Parallel & Serial • Parallel • 25 port female • IEEE 1284 • Old Printers

  25. Serial Parallel & Serial Devices • Parallel

  26. Modem RJ11 Phone/Line Jacks 56kbps NIC & Modem • NIC • RJ45 • 100Mbps

  27. Line Out Headphone Speakers Line In Microphone Sound Card

  28. Other Ports • S-video • HDMI • DVI • Firewire

  29. Review • Which part of the computer performs calculations and controls processes? • CPU • What is it called when people can speak into a PC and have it perform those commands? • Voice recognition • Which type of memory is volatile? • RAM

  30. Review • Which software translates speech into text? • Voice recognition • What is the name of the path that data travels on a motherboard? • Bus • Which type of storage device has no moving parts? • Flash/USB drive

  31. PC Connections

  32. Review 1

  33. Review 2

  34. Computing Fundamentals Unit 2- Computer Hardware

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