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Biology

Biology. The Dynamics of Life. Biology. “The Study of Life”. Characteristics of “LIFE”. Organization Reproduction Growth & Development Respond to its environment Stimulus Response

keely-erickson
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Biology

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  1. Biology The Dynamics of Life

  2. Biology “The Study of Life”

  3. Characteristics of “LIFE” • Organization • Reproduction • Growth & Development • Respond to its environment • Stimulus • Response • (Homeostasis – The ability to control its internal environment. Adjustment of water & minerals in an organism to achieve balance.)

  4. A scientist uses his senses of sight, touch, hearing, and smell to examine an object in detail. He may use instruments to extend these senses. Qualitative observations DESCRIBE = descriptions such as color, odor, sound, and texture (using the senses). Quantitative observations MEASURE = using an instrument of measurement to measure the amount or number. Observations

  5. A scientist improves his skills of observation and his communication skills by practice. Observe the following and describe as much as you can. Accident #1 Accident #2 Accident #3 Observations

  6. The Scientific MethodOVERVIEW • Identify a PROBLEM to solve. • Make a HYPOTHESIS. • TEST the hypothesis and COLLECTDATA. (a controlled experiment) • PUBLISH the results. • Draw a CONCLUSION and [perhaps] develop a THEORY.

  7. 1. OBSERVATION leads to identifying a problemto solve. • “Observing the world around you is the foundation of scientific investigation.”

  8. 2. Making a HYPOTHESIS. • an EXPLANATION for a question or problem that can be formally TESTED. • Not a RANDOM GUESS.

  9. 3. Collecting DATA. (numbers) • Test the hypothesis in a controlled EXPERIMENT can be used to obtain data to test a HYPOTHESIS.

  10. 4. PUBLISH results • allows other scientists to repeat the experiment and VERIFY the results.

  11. 4. Forming a THEORY. • A THEORY is a hypothesis that is supported by a LARGE body of scientific evidence. (not an unproven idea or hunch)

  12. Also • 6. Developing new HYPOTHESES. • 7. Revising the THEORY.

  13. The Scientific MethodREVIEW • Identify a PROBLEM to solve. • Make a HYPOTHESIS. • TEST the hypothesis and COLLECTDATA. (a controlled experiment) • PUBLISH the results. • Draw a CONCLUSION and [perhaps] develop a THEORY.

  14. Parts of a Controlled Experiment • Control – the STANDARD against which the results of the experiment are COMPARED. • INDEPENDENT Variable (I.V.) – the condition that is tested because it affects the outcome of the experiment. • DEPENDENT Variable (D.V.) – the condition in an experiment that results from the changes made to the independent variable. • CONSTANTS – the conditions that remainthesame in all of the experimental groups.

  15. Francesco Redi’s Experiment • Observed – Maggots appeared on meat a few days after flies were present

  16. Francesco Redi’s Experiment • Prediction – Flies produced maggots and keeping flies away from meat would prevent the appearance of maggots.

  17. Francesco Redi’s Experiment • Hypothesis - IF the gauze covering keeps flies away from the meat, THEN no maggots will appear.

  18. Francesco Redi’s Experiment • Independent variable - gauze covering that keeps flies away from meat.

  19. Francesco Redi’s Experiment • Dependent variable - whether maggots appear on the meat.

  20. Francesco Redi’s Experiment • Controlled variables - Jars, type of meat, location, temperature, time.

  21. Francesco Redi’s Experiment • Data - showed that maggots appeared on the meat without gauze – but not on covered jars.

  22. Francesco Redi’s Experiment • Conclusion - Maggots formed only when flies came into contact with the meat. Not spontaneous generation.

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