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History of Cartography I. Europe and the Middle East. Bull at Lascaux, France. Wall Painting from Çatal Hüyük , Turkey ( ca 6200 BCE). Plan of Çatal Hüyük , Turkey ( ca 6200 BCE). Map or Pattern?. Tepe Gawra Landscape Jar ( ca 6000 BCE Iraq). Petroglyph Map from Bendolina , Italy.
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History of Cartography I Europe and the Middle East
Mapmaking in the Age of Archaic Greece • Anaximander (c. 610 - 546 BCE) • Corrected by Hecataeus (c. 550-480 BCE) • Pythagorus (c. 550 – 475 BCE) • Earth as a sphere (c. 570 - 495 BCE) • Herodotus (c. 484 - 425 BCE) • Aristotle (384 – 322 BCE)
Eratosthenes: The Father of Modern Cartography? • Eratosthenes (ca. 275-195 BCE) • On the Measurement of the Earth • Geographica • Calculated the circumference of the earth (within 1/2 % accuracy) • Introduced the idea of meridians and parallels
Claudius Ptolemy (ca. 83- 168 CE) • Benefited from Greek theoretical knowledge and Roman knowledge of the world • Geographica • Coordinates based on latitude and longitude • index
Themes • Different reasons for the creation of maps • Understand one’s place in the world • Religious meaning • Practical necessity • propaganda
The Semiotics of Maps • Link of complex cartography and literacy? • Bird’s eye view • Representation of abstractions in oral cultures