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Mandatory Pollution Prevention: A Record of Success

Presentation on the success of mandatory pollution prevention measures, including case studies on leaded gasoline, mercury in consumer batteries, CCA-treated wood, and toxics in packaging. Discusses the decline in mercury content in Florida's solid waste and the phase-out of CCA-treated wood. Highlights the environmental concerns with CCA-treated wood and the regulatory criteria for arsenic.

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Mandatory Pollution Prevention: A Record of Success

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  1. Mandatory Pollution Prevention:A Record of Success Presentation to the First Joint Pollution Prevention and Environmental Essentials Conference August 1, 2002 Miami Beach, FL William HinkleyChief, Bureau of Solid and Hazardous Waste

  2. Caveat: The views expressed in this presentation are those of the presenter and may or may not reflect those of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection

  3. Case Studies • Leaded Gasoline • Mercury in Consumer Batteries • CCA Treated Wood

  4. Other Notable Mandatory P2 Measures • Toxics in Packaging Standards • DOT Lead Paint Elimination

  5. Toxics in Packaging Standards • Enacted in 1993 • 403.7191, Florida Statutes • Based on Council of Northeast Governors (CONEG) model legislation • Adopted by 26 states • Sets maximum allowable levels of lead,mercury, cadmium and helavalent chormium in packaging components

  6. FDOT Lead Paint Elimination • Part of settlement agreement for the FDOT Fairbanks disposal pit • FDOT agreed to switch to non-lead based paint for road striping • FDOT at that time was largest lead paint user in state

  7. Lead in Gasoline

  8. Lead in Gasoline • Tetra ethyl lead use started in 1930s to improve engine performance • Introduction of catalytic converters and increasing health impacts forced phase-out • EPA set mandatory standards in 1985 reducing lead in gasoline by 90% • Leaded gasoline being phased out globally but still in use in many countries

  9. Mercury in Consumer Batteries

  10. Florida Mercury Battery Legislation • Enacted in 1993 • 403.7192, Florida Statutes • Followed similar Minnesota law • Set maximum Hg levels in zinc-carbon and alkaline batteries • Prohibited sale of mercuric oxide button batteries • Supported by the battery industry

  11. Mercury Trendsin Solid Waste Florida 1990 to 2000

  12. Mercury Content of Alkaline and Carbon-Zinc Batteries

  13. Discards Mercury Content

  14. Mercury Content of Standard 4 Foot Fluorescent Lamps

  15. Discards Mercury Content

  16. Lamp Recycling

  17. Recycling % Mercury (kg)

  18. Decline in Mercury in Florida’s MSW • Drivers: Laws, Regs and Concern for Product Image • Decreases in Mercury Content of Batteries and Lamps • Recycling and Industry Product Stewardship

  19. Mercury Trendsin Florida’s Environment

  20. MOSQUITOFISH Hg TREND

  21. CCA Treated Wood

  22. Growth in the use of CCA Treated Wood Production CCA

  23. U.S. Demand for Arsenic (1969 - 1998)Source: USGS Other Agriculture Treated Wood

  24. Introduction

  25. Florida Production

  26. U.S. Southern Pine Markets (From SFPA) 10% 36% 18% 8% 15%

  27. Long-term Disposal Forecast Florida Statistics

  28. Phase-out of most CCA treated wood by end of 2003 announced by EPA in late 2001

  29. Cumulative Quantities Before Ban

  30. Cumulative Quantities With Ban

  31. 216,000 miles of 2 x 4’s 9 times around 100 yds x 50 yds x 2.7 miles Amount of CCA-Treated Wood To Be Discarded Statistics for the Year 2002 (Florida) • Cumulative Volume Imported = 635 million cubic feet • Cumulative Volume Disposed = 45 million cubic feet (7%) • Volume in Service = 590 million cubic feet

  32. Arsenic Toxicity Function of Chemical Form AsH3 - arsine (gas) As(III) - inorganic arsenite As(V) - inorganic arsenate MMAA - monomethylarsonic acid DMAA - dimethylarsinic acid TMAO - trimethylarsine oxide AsB - arsenobetaine (marine) AsC - arsenocholine (marine) Decreasing Toxicity

  33. Florida Regulatory and Cleanup Criteria for Arsenic • Drinking Water MCL: 50 ug/L (federal MCL lowered to 10 ug/l by EPA 1/2001) • TCLP: 5 mg/L • Soil Clean Up Target Levels (SCTLs) • Residential: 0.8 mg/kg • Industrial: 3.7 mg/kg • Leachable: 27.5 mg/kg

  34. Environmental Concerns With CCA Treated Wood A. Ash from combustion of wood fuel mixtures containing CCA wood can be a hazardous waste B. Arsenic leaches from CCA wood used as decorative ground cover mulch C. Arsenic leaches from CCA wood discarded in landfills D. Soils under CCA treated decks are being contaminated with arsenic

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