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Hinduism (1500 BCE-1900 CE)

Hinduism (1500 BCE-1900 CE). The World’s Third Largest Religion. By: Lauren Pinion, James Pitman, and Amanda Shaw. Maps and Sacred Texts. http://www.worldreligions.psu.edu/maps-hinduism.htm. http://www.worldreligions.psu.edu/maps-hinduism.htm. The Spread of Hunduism. The Vedas (Sacred

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Hinduism (1500 BCE-1900 CE)

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  1. Hinduism(1500 BCE-1900 CE) • The World’s Third Largest Religion By: Lauren Pinion, James Pitman, and Amanda Shaw

  2. Maps and Sacred Texts http://www.worldreligions.psu.edu/maps-hinduism.htm http://www.worldreligions.psu.edu/maps-hinduism.htm The Spread of Hunduism The Vedas (Sacred Texts) Sacred Hindu Sites http://listverse.com/2007/09/19/10-religious-scriptures-explained/

  3. Hindu Gods and Goddesses http://www.indianetzone.com/39/hindu_gods.htm http://www.ebhagwan.com/ Hanuman Jayanti Durga Santhoshi Ganesha http://www.eso-garden.com/index.php?/weblog/C36/P30/ http://hindudevotionalpower.blogspot.com/2010/04/santoshi.html

  4. Chronology 1500 BCE: Aryan invaders bring velidic religion, which is a sacred literature and collection of hymns in the Hinduism religion. 1200 BCE: Aryans, whom are followers of the Hinduism religion, migrate into Southern Asia. 900-600 BCE: The first phase of Hinduism known as Brahmanism develops, and this brings attention to social and ritual obligation. 800 BCE: Buddhism and Jainism affect Hinduism because they took away the followers of Hinduism, and they made Hinduism more moderate and not as extreme. 700 BCE: Vaishnavism develops around the cult of Vishnu, which is a god in the Hinduism religion. Vaishnavas are communities that are divided into smaller parts, which focus on one form of Vishnu. 600 BCE: The first form of the caste system is recognized, which consists of Brahmins- which are religious leaders Kshatriyas-which are nobles and warriors Vaisyas-which are artisans and formers Shudras-also known as unskilled laborers 500 BCE: Upanishads are written and sutras emerge as complete scriptures. The Upanishads reflect the ideas of karma, as well as reincarnation and dharma. 400 BCE: Ramayana is written, which is a very important book in the Hinduism religion. Gandhi referred to it as the greatest book in the world.

  5. Chronology 326-184 BCE: Mauryan Dynasty founded, which Chandragupta ruled from 324 BCE to 301 BCE. 320-185 BCE: Chandragupta founded the Mauryan dynasty during this time period. 100 CE: The religion of Hinduism spreads to Southeast Asia most likely because of war and trade. 200 CE: This is the beginning of the Vedanta system, which is a Brahmanical system where all the power resides in the priest. 320-500 CE: Gupta Empire, also known as the Golden Age of Indian culture, is founded in this time frame. 500-650 CE: The Gupta Empire separates into several kingdoms. 600-1600 CE: The rise of devotional movements, such as Puja which is basically reverence to a god or spirit through rituals and prayers. 1720 CE: The Mughal Empire falls and the British begin to take power over India. 1857 CE: National Independence War between the British and India occurs during this time frame. 1895 CE: The society of Vedanta states that Hinduism is a world religion and the country of India is a single nation. 1947 CE: Independence is given back to India, but there are some conflicts that arise between the Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs.

  6. Regional Impact (India)

  7. Regional Impact (Africa)

  8. Regional Impact (Southeast Asia)

  9. Regional Impact (Caribbean)

  10. Change Over Time • In the beiginning of Hinduism, people were mainly ritualistic. Over the years, teachers like Adi Sankara and Ramanuja initiated the knowledge part, and the arrival of Swami Vivekananda marked a changed perception of Hinduism as less of a ritualistic religion. • Followers of the Bhakti movement moved away from the abstract concept of Brahman, which the philosopher Adi Shankara consolidated a few centuries before, with emotional, passionate devotion towards the more accessible avatars, especially Krishna and Rama. • The Arya Society, founded in 1875 by Swami Dayananda which went back to the Vedas as the ultimate revealed source of truth and attempted to purge Hinduism of more recent accretions that had no basis in the scriptures. • The Arya Society is a small society that still works to purify Hindu rituals, convert tribal people, and run centers throughout India. • The spread of Hindu religous sentiment parallels a similar rise in religious biased devotion among religious minorities, including Muslims and Sikhs. • there have been major nonviolent changes, as new sectarian movements continue to grow and as established movements change. • The dominant tendency of the more modern Hindu religion is following the example of the great teachers of the past, to be nonviolent towards all living beings, and to accept the remarkable diversity of Indian religion.. This is reiterated by Mahatma Gandhi and most modern gurus. • Brahman, the ultimate reality for the Hindu, is a hard term to define in history because its meaning has changedsignificantly over a period of time.

  11. Change Over Time • Activist Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh emerged to protect Hinduism through the RSS. The RSS had been founded in 1925 by Keshav Baliram Hedgewar and was based of the concern that Hinduism was in danger of extinction from its external foes and needed a strong, militant force of devotees to protect it. • The VHP organization demolished a mosque in Ayodhya during a huge demonstration in 1992. As a result, the Ministry of Home Affairs imposed a two-year ban on the Vishwa Hindu Parishad under the Unlawful Activities Act. When the ban expired in December 1994, the government reimposed it for two additional years. • Hindu rituals, called upacharass, change with time. For example, in the past few hundred years some rituals, such as sacred dance and music offerings in the standard Sodasa Upacharas set prescribed by the Agama Shastraa, were replaced by the offerings of rice and sweets. • The many festivals of Hinduism change throughout the year because they typically celebrate events from Hindu mythology. Therefore, they often coinciding with seasonal changes. • Hinduism started out very small and has grown to become the world's third largest religion, after Christianity and Islam. • The linkage of religion, the national government, and nationalism led to a degeneration of the separation of church and state in India. This, in turn, had decreased the level of religious tolerance in that country. • The Aryan conquerors lived side by side with the indigenous inhabitants of the subcontinent, and many features of Hinduism may have been adapted from the religions of the non-Aryan peoples of India.

  12. Comparisons • Hinduism developed in India and spread through southeast Asia ,Africa and the Caribbean • The people of the Caribbean were introduced to Hinduism as being brought there as labor this was also how Hinduism was brought to Africa however Hinduism spread in southeast Asia through trade • Hinduism in the Caribbean was very similar however the reduction in practice of the traditional Hindu caste system is similar in modes of worship and celebrations, the establishment of Hindu temples and the practice of Hindu ‘bamboo’ marriage. Since Indians were allowed to practice their religion in their new environment, to a large extent, Hinduism is very much alive in the Caribbean • Hinduism was very similar in Africa because they were introduced in the same manor • In south east Asia however it moved through conquest of many of the Asian empires

  13. Uses in the World Today • About 900 million people in the world practice Hinduism today. • Hinduism is practiced mainly all over the world, but it is mainly and mostly practiced in India. • Many aspects of Hinduism, such as: karma, dharma, and reincarnation are noticed and believed all around the world, and not only by Hindus. • Hinduism is the third largest religion in the entire world. • There are many songs of and about karma and dharma in the new age music of today’s society. • Hindu studies are now offered as a major in many colleges and universities in today’s society. • There are Hindu temples in almost every country of the world today. • Many science theories in today’s society come from the Vedas in the Hinduism religion.

  14. Bibliography • "10 Religious Scriptures Explained - Top 10 Lists | Listverse." Top 10 Lists - Listverse. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2010. <http://listverse.com/2007/09/19/10-religious-scriptures-explained/>. • Dasa, Shukavak N.. "Hinduism and Science." Sanskrit.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2010. <http://www.sanskrit.org/www/Hindu%20Primer/hinduismandscience.html>. • Harris, Angela. "Hindu Beliefs." HubPages. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Oct. 2010. <http://hubpages.com/hub/Hindu-Beliefs>. • "Hindu Basics." Kauai's Hindu Monastery . N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Oct. 2010. <http://www.himalayanacademy.com/basics/fourf/>. • "Hinduism, Third Largest Religion in World, Hindus." Buddha Statues, Hindu Statue, Hindu Gods, Shiva Ganesh, God Statue, Om. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Oct. 2010. <http://www.lotussculpture.com/Popularreligion.htm>. • "Hinduism maps." World Religions . N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2010. <http://www.worldreligions.psu.edu/maps-hinduism.htm>. • "Karma Triyana Dharmachakra: His Holiness Karmapa." Karma Triyana Dharmachakra: His Holiness Karmapa. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2010. <http://www.kagyu.org>. • "Hindu Gods, Hinduism." Free Encyclopedia & Web Portal on Indian Culture & Lifestyle. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2010. < http://www.indianetzone.com/39/hindu_gods.htm>. • "Hindu Devotional Mantras Aarti stuti Chalisha." Hindu Devotional Mantras Aarti stuti Chalisha. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2010. <http://hindudevotionalpower.blogspot.com/2010/04/santoshi.html>.

  15. Bibliography (Continued) • "The Esoteric Blog: Ursi's Eso Garden." The Esoteric Blog: Ursi's Eso Garden. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2010. <http://www.eso-garden.com/index.php?/weblog/C36/P30/>. • "eBhagwan | Hindu Gods - Goddess." eBhagwan. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2010. <http://www.ebhagwan.com/>. • "Hinduism. The main religion of India." pezarkar's info site. adaniel's info site. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2010. <http://adaniel.tripod.com/hinduism.htm>. • Das, Subhamoy. "All About the Hindu Temple." About Hinduism - What You Need to Know About Hinduism. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2010. <http://hinduism.about.com/od/temples/p/hindutemple101.htm>. • "Religion and Politics." Religion. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2010. <http://religion.indianetzone.com/1/religion_politics.htm>. • Period, Time. "Hinduism and Hindu Art | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: metmuseum.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2010. <http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/hind/hd_hind.htm>. • "Religion And The Indian Economy: How Economic Development In India Was Related To Religion." Suite101.com: Online Magazine and Writers' Network. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2010. <http://www.suite101.com/content/religion-as-the-structure-of-the-indian-economy-a70266>. • "Timeline of Hinduism - ReligionFacts." Religion, World Religions, Comparative Religion - Just the Facts on the World's Religions. Web. 4 Oct. 2010. <http://www.religionfacts.com/hinduism/timeline.htm.>. • "Key Dates and Timeline for Hinduism." One-Spirit-Tribe | United Spiritual Wisdom of the Universe. Web. 03 Oct. 2010. <http://one-spirit-tribe.org/religion_hinduism/timeline.htm>. • "History of Hinduism | View Timeline." Xtimeline - Explore and Create Free Timelines. Web. 04 Oct. 2010. <http://www.xtimeline.com/timeline/History-of-Hinduism.>.

  16. Bibliography (Continued) • Harris, By Angela. "Hindu Beliefs." HubPages. Web. 04 Oct. 2010. <http://hubpages.com/hub/Hindu-Beliefs.>. • "Hinduism, Third Largest Religion in World, Hindus." Buddha Statues, Hindu Statue, Hindu Gods, Shiva Ganesh, God Statue, Om. Web. 04 Oct. 2010. <http://www.lotussculpture.com/Popularreligion.htm>. • “Main Menu." Sanskrit.org. Web. 05 Oct. 2010. http://www.sanskrit.org/www/Hindu Primer/hinduismandscience.html.

  17. Who Did What? • Amanda Shaw: Chronology & Change Over Time • Lauren Pinion: PIRATES & Uses in Today’s World • James Pitman: Comparison & Maps/Pictures

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