Hanford Challenge & World Affair Council Seattle, March 28, 2011

1. Hanford Challenge & World Affair CouncilSeattle, March 28, 2011  Chernobyl 25 Years Later: Lessons Learned? Alexey V. Yablokov Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

2. “Chernobyl : Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and Nature”by AlexeyYablokov, VassilyNesterenko and Alexey NesterenkoConsulting Editor Janette ShermanAnnals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume # 1181 (2009) Yablokov, 2011

3. Hundreds of individuals and organizations help us to complete this mega-review. We used about 5,000 sources This is the broadest scope of the Chernobyl consequences. Yablokov, 2011

4. Chernobyl radionuclides: 43% of Belarus, Ukraine and Russia37% - other Europe, 20% - Asia, North America and Africa Radionuclide’ plums in 10 days after the Catastrophe (Livermore Nat. Lab., 1992) Yablokov, 2011

5. Official secrecy and falsification of the USSR medical statistics for the first 3½ years after the Catastrophe Difficulties in estimating true individual doses: • reconstruction of doses for each day, week, and month; • uncertainty effect of “hot particles”; • Amount of contaminated milk, water and food in personal consumption; • and so on… Yablokov, 2011

6. Requirement by IAEA and WHO“significant correlation” between imprecisely calculated individual doses AND preciselydiagnosed illnesses, as the only iron-clad proof to associate illness with Chernobyl radiation is not scientifically valid. Yablokov, 2011

7. Real number of Chernobyl victims is possible to calculate by comparing human morbidity & mortality on territories similar in geographical, social, and economic features BUT different in level radionuclides’ contamination Yablokov, 2011

8. All solid cancers in Bryansk and Kaluga provinces and Russia(Ivanov et al., 2004) Yablokov, 2010

9. The frequencies of miscarriages among liquidators families (1) and average Ryazan province population (2) (Lyaginskaya et al., 2007). Yablokov, 2011

10. Thyroid cancer in heavily contaminated provinces and average in Ukraine (Prysyazhnyuk, 2007). Yablokov, 2011

11. Connecticut children thyroid cancer (per 100, 000), 1935 – 1992,and Jodine-131 milk level at May – June 1986 (Reid and Mangano, 1995). Yablokov, 2011

12. Healtn disorders associated with Chernobyl radiationincreased morbidity and prevalence:  Blood and the circulatory system; Endocrine system;  Immune system; Respiratory system;  Urogenital tract and reproductive disorders; Musculoskeletal system;  Central nervous system (brain damage, diminished intelligence, behavioral and mental disorders); Digestive tract;  Congenital malformations and anomalies;  Thyroid cancer;  Leukemia.  Other malignant neoplasms. Yablokov, 2011

13. These children were born after Chernobyl Yablokov, 2011

14. Other health consequences of the Catastrophe: • Premature aging:in both adults and children. • Mutations:somatic and germ cells. • Eyes anomalies: cataracts, vitreous destruction, refraction anomalies, etc. • Polymorbidity: people afflicted by several illnesses simultaneously Yablokov, 2011

15. Deterioration of the public health after Chernobyl WHO/IAEA associated with “RADIOPHOBIA” • Psychological factors (“radiophobia”) unlikely major reason because morbidity is increasing after the Catastrophe, whereas”radiophobia” isdecreasing • And what is the level of “radiophobia” among voles, swallows and frogs which demonstrate similar health disorders and increasing mutation rates? Yablokov, 2011

16. IAEA-WHO (2005): estimated additional 9,000 deaths in Belarus, Ukraine and Russia caused by cancers during 80 years after the Catastrophe Our estimation: additional 900,000 deaths worldwide caused by all Chernobyl’s illnesses for ONLY the first 20 years Yablokov, 2011

17. Mortality in six Russian Chernobyl’s contaminated provinces vs control regions (Khudoley et al, 2006) Yablokov, 2011

18. Infant mortality rates in Switzerland and Finland, 1980 - 2006, and undisturbed trend line (official statistical data, by Korblein, in litt. 2008) Finland Yablokov, 2011

19. What happened to voles and frogs in the Chernobyl zone will happen to humans in coming generations: • increasing mutation rates, • increasing morbidity and mortality, • reduced lifespan, • decreased intensity of reproduction, • changes in male/female sex ratios, • etc. Yablokov, 2011

20. WHO diminished the Catastrophe consequences becausetied to IAEA by agreement (1959), allowing hide information from the public: • Article III - Exchange of information and documents • 1. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) recognize that they might have to take certain restrictive measures to ensure the confidentiality of information that were provided to them. Agreement WHO-IAE from May 28, 1959 (Resolution WHA 12-40) Yablokov, 2011

21. Chernobyl’ lessons: 1st lesson: The damage of “peaceful atom” can be similar as nuclear weapons; 2nd lesson: TheArticle III.1 Agrement between WHO and IAEA must be cancelled 3rd lesson : DO NOT TRUST the official declarations on public radiation safety Yablokov, 2011

22. Chernobyl’ lessons: 4th Lesson : Independent radiation monitoring ofair, food and water MUST BE ESTABLISHED; 5th Lesson: Independent monitoring of incorporated radionuclides MUST BE ESTABLISHED around every NPP Yablokov, 2010

23. Chernobyl and Fukushima: comparison As today Fukushima released 20 times less radionuclides, but area around that NPP is much more populated Fucushima first time challenges: • multy-reactors meltdown • problems with spent nuclear fuel pool • accident with MOX (uran-plutonium) fuel Yablokov, 2011

24. Vassily Nesterenko , A.Yablokov, Geneve, 26 April, 2008, Yablokov, 2011

25. Hanford Challenge & World Affair CouncilSeattle, March 28, 2011Chernobyl 25 Years Later:Lessons Learned? Thank you for your attention! Yablokov, 2011

26. In heavily contaminated Chernobyl zonewildlife sometimes appears to flourish, but the appearance is deceptive. • According to morphogenetic, cytogenetic, and immunological tests, all studied populations of plants, fishes, amphibians, and mammals there are in poor condition. • This zone is a “black hole”— some species may only persist there via immigration. Yablokov, 2011

27. Chernobyl has “enriched” medicine with terms / syndromes • “Chernobyl AIDS,” “Chernobyl heart,” “Chernobyl limbs,” • “Vegeto-vascular dystonia”, • “Incorporated long-life radionuclides”, • “Acute inhalation lesions of the upper respiratory tract”, • “Chronic fatigue syndrome,” • “Lingering radiating illnesssyndrome”, • “Radioactive aging syndrome”, • “Radioactive diminitia”, • “Cancer rejuvenescence,” • “Irradiation in utero”. Yablokov, 2011

28. Medical, biological, and radiological research must expand and be supported to provide the full picture of Chernobyl’s consequences. Instead this scale of research has been cut in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. Yablokov, 2011

29. All studied plants, animals, and microorganisms in the Chernobyl territories have higher levels of mutations than those in less contaminated areas. The chronic low-dose exposure in Chernobyl territories results in a trans-generation’ accumulation of genomic instability. Yablokov, 2010

30. All studied populations of plants and animals exhibit of morphological deformities that were rare prior to the Catastrophe. The number of the anomalous pollen grains and spores in the Chernobyl radioactively contaminated soils indicate geobotanical disturbance. Yablokov, 2011