America Moves to the City CHAPTER 25

1. America Moves to the City CHAPTER 25

2. URBANIZATION 1775 /1800 : 10% of Americans lived in the city 1900: 40% lived in the city. 1920: 50% of Americans lived in the city. Today: 75% live in the city. I CAN EXPLAIN URBANIZATION AND HOW IT AFFECTED AMERICA IN THE 1800S

3. By 1990 New York was the 2nd biggest city in the world! – a population of 3.5 Million People What city????? I CAN EXPLAIN URBANIZATION AND HOW IT AFFECTED AMERICA IN THE 1800S

4. CITY LIFE - In cities most people walked. Mass transit becoming possible though - The “Elevator” was a new form of transportation. -The “skyscraper” was made possible because of the elevator. I CAN SUMMARIZE THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON THE CITY

5. Louis Sullivan -Famous American architect in the late 1800’s. His motto was…….-“Form should follow function!” SKYSCRAPERS!! I CAN SUMMARIZE THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON THE CITY

6. 3 Advantages From Living in the City 1. Electricity 2. Indoor Plumbing 3. Telephone I CAN LIST THE ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES OF LIVING IN THE CITY

7. Aaron Montgomery Ward SHOPPING!!!!! Came Up With The First Mail Order Catalogue Sears & Roebuck was the next mail order catalogue. I CAN LIST THE ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES OF LIVING IN THE CITY

8. Problems with the city: • Impure Water • Uncollected Garbage • Unwashed Bodies • Animal Droppings • Poor lighting • Crime I CAN LIST THE ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES OF LIVING IN THE CITY

9. “Dumbbell” Tenement: • 1879 • 7 or 8 stories high • Minimum ventilation. • Designed to make buildings fit as many people as possible. “Lung Block” -Tuberculosis (TB) / Consumption -Terrible contagious diseases I CAN DEFINE AND DESCRIBE A “DUMBBELL TENEMENT”

10. Sleep tight…don’t let the bed bugs bite! “Flophouses” were cheapplaces where you could “flop down” and sleep for a few pennies. I CAN DEFINE AND DESCRIBE A “DUMBBELL TENEMENT”

11. New Immigration 1880’s – 1890’s Came from Southern Europe & Asia The “New Immigrants” had different languages, customs, traditions, religions. They dressed, talked, looked and worshiped differently! They did not assimilate well! “Little Poland” “Little Italy” “Little Chinatown” Review the “OLD” I CAN COMPARE AND CONTRAST OLD AND NEW IMMIGRATION

12. “Birds of Passage” Were Immigrants who earned a living in the United States & then moved back to their former country. They never intended to stay. “American Fever” “American Letters” I CAN COMPARE AND CONTRAST OLD AND NEW IMMIGRATION

13. Washington Gladden The ”Social Gospel” was the concept that religious, moral individuals should get involved and try to solve the problems in society. The two main Leaders of the “Social Gospel” were Walter Rausenbauch and Washington Gladden I CAN DESCRIBE THE SOCIAL GOSPEL AND ITS LEADERS

14. Pioneers in Social Work • Jane Addams -started most famous settlement home. It was called the Hull House-started in 1889 Chicago, IL. She even won the Nobel Peace Prize. • 2) Lillian Ward -started Henry St. Settlement House in 1893. It was located in New York City, New York. • 3) Florence Kelly -dressed in black, fought for welfare of blacks and women. I CAN DESCRIBE THE LEADERS OF THE SETTLEMENT HOUSE MOVEMENT

15. Nativism APA American Protective Association -started against immigrants from the “New Immigration” in the 1880’s-1890’s. -Labor Unions did not like immigration because immigrants could be hired as strike breakers or scabs. I CAN SUMMARIZE REACTIONS TO NEW IMMIGRATION

16. The Salvation Army was started in England, but moved to America. Purpose?? I CAN DESCRIBE THE EFFORTS OF CHURCHES TO DEAL WITH CITY PROBLEMS

17. Church of Christ, Scientist Christian Science(1879)-founded by Mary Baker Eddy Science & Health w/ Key to the Scriptures “We Classify disease as error, which nothing but truth or mind can heal, & this mind can heal, & this mind must be divine, not human.” -Mary Baker Eddy I CAN DESCRIBE THE EFFORTS OF CHURCHES TO DEAL WITH CITY PROBLEMS

18. Young Men & Women’s Christian Association-started in 1889! I CAN DESCRIBE THE EFFORTS OF CHURCHES TO DEAL WITH CITY PROBLEMS

19. Religious people who stood firmly on the fixtures that the bible and God are supreme were called “Conservatives” & “Fundamentalist” People who refused to believe the bible & its entirety as history or science were “liberals” or “Modernist” I CAN DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FUNDAMENTALISTS AND MODERNISTS

20. Normal Schools Teacher-trainingschools! I CAN SUMMARIZE CHANGES IN EDUCATION IN THE 1800S

21. Lyceum Movement CIVIL WAR The “Chautauqua movement” The “lyceum” was the way adults could become educated. before the civil war in the “Antebellum” period. Featured speakers that would give lectures to the public. Ex. Ralph Waldo Emerson Replace the “lyceum” as the way that adults educated themselves AFTER the Civil War. Features lectures like Mark Twain. Also included a home study course. I CAN SUMMARIZE CHANGES IN EDUCATION IN THE 1800S

22. Booker T. Washington • 1881- started Tuskegee Institute • Taught academics & a trade • Autobiography Up From Slavery • Admired by blacks & whites • Economic equality will lead to full political and social equality. • He was deeply criticized by W.E.B. De Bois. He called him an “Uncle Tom” • -”In all things that are purely social, we must be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to human progress” Famous speech was ”The Atlanta Compromise” I CAN IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE THE TEACHINGS OF BOOKER T. WASHINGTON

23. George Washington Carver *Became a teacher at Tuskegee Institute *Boosted the southern economy by discovering hundreds of uses for peanuts, sweet potatoes, & soybeans. I CAN DESCRIBE THE WORK OF GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER

24. W.E.B. Du Bois • First black person to get a doctorate degree from Harvard • Help found the NAACPin 1910. (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People • Fought for complete black equality now! • Critical of Booker T. Washington • Believed in the “Talented Tenth” of each race. • Renounced American Citizenship-embraced communism…in self-exile I CAN COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE VIEWS OF BOOKER T. WASHINGTON AND W.E.B. DUBOIS

25. In 1900 25 percent (25%) of college graduates were women. This was very significant for the advancement of women's rights. I CAN DESCRIBE THE EMERGENCE OF THE COLLEGE EDUCATION MOVEMENT

26. Two Important Acts Morrill Act-1862-provided land to the states for land- grant colleges. Hatch Act-1887-gave more land to colleges if they started agricultural experimentation stations I CAN IDENTIFY TWO PIECES OF LEGISLATION DESIGNED TO CREATE COLLEGES

27. John Hopkins University The First high-grade graduate school! I CAN DESCRIBE THE EMERGENCE OF THE COLLEGE EDUCATION MOVEMENT

28. Inventors Louis Pasteur -came up with “Pasteurization” which made some food products safer for consumption. Joseph Lister -antiseptics

29. YellowJournalism A new kind of journalism in newspapers and magazines. Featured sex, scandal, and human interest stories. Ex. tabloids Pulitzer …. The “Yellow Kid” was the first comic strip added to newspapers tp stimulate sales. • The 3 major journalistic Tycoons: • Joseph Pulitzer • William Randolph Hearst • Charles Dana The Pulitzer Prize A.P.

30. WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST CALIFORNIA HOME Where Mr. Byrd’s house would sit!

31. POST CIVIL WAR WRITING Dime novels become extremely popular—fantasy stories of the West common Frank Norris Gen. Lewis Wallace Horatio Alger Theodore Dreiser Walt Whitman Henry George Mark Twain Edward Bellamy Stephen Crane Emily Dickinson Jack London

32. LATE 1800’S MORALITY Victoria Woodhull Comstock Laws Believed in “free love” Goal was to get rid of “immoral” materials FACT: Women were becoming more liberated!

33. Urbanization: Impact on the family Was (and still is) hard on families. Many cracked under the strain. The “urban era” launched the era of divorce! People had fewer kids. Marriages were delayed.

34. Charlotte Perkins Gilman - Women and Economics She rejected that biology made women fundamentally different. Urged women to use day-care and go out and get a job. She shunned feminine frills and advocated physical exercise. Distant relation to Beechers

35. Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony Helped found the N.A.W.S.A. (National American Women’s Suffrage Association) 1890 BY 1900 there were two new leaders of the women’s right movement: Carrie Chapman Catt Alice Paul Carrie Chapman Catt Alice Paul

36. Wyoming was the first state to give women right to vote in 1869. The “Equality State” 19th amendment passed in…1920

37. LATE 1800’S ARTISTS James Whistler “Whistler’s Mother” Winslow Homer “Civil war & seascapes” Frederick Remington “Old West /Sp-Am” George Inness Thomas Eakins John Singer Sargent

38. The Buffalo Hunt On the Southern Plains Frederic Remington’s artwork The Trooper The Smoke Signal

39. The modern “circus” popularized in the late 1800’s by P.T Barnum ( “The Greatest Show on Earth!”) “There’s a sucker is born every minute!”? Today: Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey’s Circus

40. What’s “a Annie Oakley” today?

41. Three sports in order of invention: Baseball Football ***Basketball James Naismith: inventor of the game of basketball