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ROME

ROME. Chapter 5. Beginning p. 150. 800 B.C. – Latins migrate to Italy (Tiber River) Initially; shared Italy with Greeks and Etruscans Romans kicked out Etruscans in 509 B.C. Etruscans had advanced civilization -learned alphabet, the arch, engineering. The Republic.

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ROME

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  1. ROME Chapter 5

  2. Beginningp. 150 • 800 B.C. – Latins migrate to Italy (Tiber River) • Initially; shared Italy with Greeks and Etruscans • Romans kicked out Etruscans in 509 B.C. • Etruscans had advanced civilization -learned alphabet, the arch, engineering

  3. The Republic • Res publica-That which belongs to the people • Gov’t where citizens selected some officials • Patricians v. Plebians • Tribunes (how did they help Plebians?) -veto anti-plebian laws • Laws of Rome -12 Tablets (tables) -allowed appeal of Patrician judgements

  4. Growing • 270 B.C – entire Italian peninsula…how? • Diplomacy – allowed non-Romans to become citizens • Military – well trained army (paid) • Punic Wars – 264 B.C to 146 B.C. -1st Rome won: Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia -2nd Hannibal, invaded Italy via the Alps (218 B.C.)Rome checks with invasion of Carthage (15 year campaign) -3rd Destruction of Carthage – salted the land

  5. The Roman Seap.156 • Punic Wars gave Rome N. Africa, Lower Spain, Med. Islands • Imperialism…what is it? [establishing control over foreign lands and peoples] • Rome also took territory to the east • Gracchus bros (133 B.C.) –distribution of land, other pro-plebian policies

  6. Republic Gone – Empire to PaxRomana(p. 173) • Rise of Dictators (originally only called up in times of war) • Julius Caesar (48 B.C.-44 B.C.) • 31 B.C. Rise of Octavian (Augustus – Exalted One) -see PaxRomana until death of Marcus Aurelius in 180 A.D.

  7. Split Empire – beginning of the End • 284 A.D. Diocletian and Maximillian become co-emperors • 312 A.D. Constantinople is founded on Byzantium • 410 A.D. Sack of Rome – rapid decline follows • 476 A.D. “Fall” of Rome with rise of Germanic tribes in seat of power. -Military Attacks, Political Turmoil, Economic Weakness, Social Decay

  8. When was the Fall?P. 177 • Fall was a gradual change – not rapid • 476 is more “point of no return” • Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium/Constantinople) falls in 15th Century

  9. Growth of Englandp. 245 • 400-500 A.D. Angles and Saxons (Anglo-Saxon) • 1066 – King Edward Dies (no heir) – nobles choose Harold (Ed’s Brother in Law) • William, Duke of Normandy -received Papal backing -Invaded England – Battle of Hastings -William the Conqueror -Bayeux Tapestry

  10. Crusadesp. 255 • 1096, Alexius I (Byzantine) requests support from Pope Urban II to fight Turks (Muslim) -Muslims (Turks) were steadily advancing to Byzantine lands • 1st Crusade captures Jerusalem in 1099 -recaptured in 1187 (Saladin) -Third Crusade – Jerusalem is opened to Christian pilgrims • More crusades to follow, but no success • Crusades are much more then a series of battles however.

  11. Spanish Reconquistap. 260 • “Reconquest” of Spain from the Moors (Muslim) • 1085 – first success at Toledo • Ferdinand and Isabella -focused on retaking final strong point (Granada) -1492-Reconquest is finished • Ferdinand and Isabella continued to push all Non-Christians out of Spain w/ Inquisition • Many exiled were skilled, educated people who contributed to Spain’s economy

  12. 100 Years Warp.271-273 • Between 1337-1453 • Edward III of England claimed French crown • Initial English Victories (Longbow) • 1429 – Joan of Arc appealed to Charles VII • Turn the tide (Cannon v. strong points) • 1443 – English forces pushed to Calais

  13. Impact of 100 Years Warp.273 • Growing Nationalism in France • English turning to Parliament (power of the purse) • Decline of Feudalism

  14. English Reformationp.428-430 • King Henry VIII -Previous “Defender of the Faith” (Luther) • 1527 – Henry has no sons • (Catherine of Aragorn) -daughter (Mary Tudor) -wished to annul marriage, Pope refused (feared offending Charles V of Spain) • 1533 Henry marries Anne Boleyn (Elizabeth) • 1534 – Act of Supremacy -(Head of Anglican Church)

  15. English Reformation Cont… • Henry dies 1547, only one son Edward VI (sickly) • Passed Pro-Protestant reforms (Book of Common Prayer) • Edward VI dies as a teen, Mary Tudor takes over -Pro-Catholic, attempted return to Catholicism • 1558, Mary Dies – Elizabeth takes over -Elizabethan Settlement, compromise between two faiths in practices with Anglican Church -Resulted in England becoming firmly Protestant (Anglican)

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