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Chapter 11 Kingdom Protista

Chapter 11 Kingdom Protista. Kingdom Protista is subdivided into three subkingdoms. The animal-like protists The plant-like protists The fungus-like protists. The Animal-like Protists. Subkingdom protozoa. Subkingdom Protozoa. Known as the protozoans, meaning “first animals”

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Chapter 11 Kingdom Protista

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  1. Chapter 11 Kingdom Protista

  2. Kingdom Protista is subdivided into three subkingdoms • The animal-like protists • The plant-like protists • The fungus-like protists

  3. The Animal-like Protists Subkingdom protozoa

  4. Subkingdom Protozoa • Known as the protozoans, meaning “first animals” • Also known as zooplankton, tiny floating animals in bodies of water • From the Greek word “planktos” meaning wanderer • Divided into phyla based on their method of locomotion

  5. Protozoan locomotion • Phylum Sarcodina – pseudopod • Phylum Ciliophora – cilia • Phylum Zoomastigina – flagella • Phylum Sporozoa - none

  6. Phylum Sarcodina Sarcode - word used to describe the jellylike contents of protozoans - first proposed by Dujardin, an European naturalist is the 1800’s - comes from the Greek meaning “soft”

  7. Phylum Sarcodina • Movement by pseudopod, a false foot • Common example: the amoeba • Method of eating: phagocytosis • Only has asexual reproduction by mitosis

  8. Anatomy of an Amoeba • Also note the ectoplasm and the endoplasm

  9. Other Sarcodines These are known as radiolarians – sticky, needlelike pseudopodia and a glassy shell composed of silica Top: Arcella Bottom: Actinophrys sol

  10. Other Sarcodines Top: Difflugia, another radiolarian Bottom: a foraminiferan (foramen means hole) branched pseudopodia and a shell composed of calcium carbonate

  11. Other Sarcodines • Foraminiferans come in a variety of shapes and colors!

  12. Parasitic amoebas Amoebic meningitis can be caused by Naegleria fowleri, a free living amoeba found in warm fresh water

  13. Other parasitic amoebas Amoebic dysentery can be caused by Entameba histolytica. This picture shows cysts in a colon biopsy.

  14. Phylum Ciliata • Movement by cilia • Common example: the paramecium • Sexual reproduction occurs by conjugation • Note the macronucleus and the micronucleus

  15. Anatomy of a Paramecium

  16. Other Ciliates Top: Stentor - a sessile ciliate Bottom: This Stentor has been flattened by absorbing excessively watery surrounding medium in order to observe the necklace shaped macronucleus

  17. Other Ciliates Top: Vorticella – the stalk is retractable Bottom: Tetrahymena

  18. Phylum Zoomastigina • Movement by flagella • Common examples: Top: Chilomonas – chief food source for larger protozoans Bottom: Peranema – active predator and scavenger

  19. Parasitic Flagellates Giardia lamblia This is the protozoan responsible for Giardiasis. Note: a) 4 pairs of flagella b) 2 large nuclei

  20. Other parasitic flagellates Top: Trypanosoma brucei, cause of African sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis) Bottom: tsetse fly, the normal host of Trypanosoma

  21. Phylum Sporozoa No structure for locomotion Top: Plasmodium, the cause of malaria, rupturing RBC’s Bottom: female Anopheles mosquito, normal host for Plasmodium

  22. Life cycle for Plasmodium

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