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Medical Terminology

Medical Terminology. Temple College EMS Professions ECA. …you say…who cares?. Why should you care? Communicate with other health care professionals Communicate with your patients Understanding patient charts and other medical literature. Medical Terminology.

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Medical Terminology

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  1. Medical Terminology Temple College EMS Professions ECA

  2. …you say…who cares? • Why should you care? • Communicate with other health care professionals • Communicate with your patients • Understanding patient charts and other medical literature

  3. Medical Terminology Root – The fundamental or the part of the word that is described . Prefix – The prefix comes before the root Suffix – The suffix comes after the root

  4. Word Root • Main part or foundation of a word. • All words have at least one word root. • A word root may be used alone or combined with other elements to form a complete word. IE: SPEAK (word root) + ER (suffix) = SPEAKER (complete word)

  5. Word Root • Usually refers to a body part. • Most derived from Latin or Greek

  6. Word Root Examples • “dent” means tooth • “dermat” means skin • “cardi” means heart • “gastr” means stomach • “pancreat” means pancreas • “Bio” means life

  7. Combining Forms • Correct pronunciation of medical words is important. • In order to make the pronunciation of word roots easier, sometimes it is necessary to insert a vowel after the root. • The combination of a word root and a vowel is known as a COMBINING FORM.

  8. Combining Forms • Combining forms consist of a combining vowel. • The combining vowel is usually an “o”, but others may be used. IE: gastr / o pronounced GASTRO. Word root Combining vowel

  9. Combining Roots • When a word has more than one root, a combining vowel is used to link the root to each other. IE: osteoarthritis oste/ o / arthr/ itis Slashes separate elements suffix Word root Combining vowel Word root

  10. Word-Building System • By understanding the meanings of word roots, one can determine the meaning of complex medical terms by putting together the smaller parts.

  11. Common Root Words • Myo - Muscle • Neuro - Nerve • Pelv - Hip/Pelvis • Pneumo - Lungs • Poster - Back • Oculo - Eye • Osteo - Bones • Oto - Ear • Thorax - Chest • Umbilic - Naval • Viscer - Internal Organ • Arterio - Arteries • Abdomin - Abdomen • Anter - Front • Cardio - Heart • Cephal - Head • Crani - Skull • Derm - Skin • Gluco – Sugar • Hemo - Blood

  12. Suffixes • A suffix is added to the END of a word root or combining form to modify its meaning. • By adding a suffix to the end of a word root, we create a noun or adjective with a different meaning.

  13. Suffix and Combining Vowel • A combining vowel is used between a word root and a suffix that begins with a consonant (not a vowel). • This is to make pronunciation easier. Word root: scler / (hardening) Suffix: / derma (skin) Term: Scler / o / derma (hardening of the skin) Combining vowel

  14. Suffix Example Leukocytopenia Word Roots: Leuk / (white) cyt / (cell) Combining Vowel / o / Suffix: / penia (decrease)

  15. Common Suffixes Centesis – puncturing Cise - cut Cyte – cell Emia – blood Itis – inflammation Megaly – enlarged Ology – study of Osis – condition of Paresis – weakness Plegia - paralysis Phobia – fear Scope – instrument for examination

  16. Prefixes • A prefix is a syllable or syllables placed BEFORE a word or word root to alter its meaning or create a new word. Some prefixes: Hyper- (excessive) Pre- (before) Post- (after) Homo- (same) Hypo- (under)

  17. Prefix Example Hypoinsulinemia Hypo / insulin / emia Notice that there is no combining vowel in this word because the prefix ends with a vowel and the suffix begins with a vowel. suffix Prefix Word root BLOOD LOW INSULIN

  18. Common Prefixes Bi-two Brady – slow Dys-painful Epi – upon Hemi-half Intra-within Hypo – under, below Hyper – over, above Mal-bad Pathy - disease Peri – surrounding Poly – many Post – after Pre – before Sub - under Super-above Supra – above Tachy – fast

  19. REVIEW • A combining vowel IS used to link one root to another root, and before a suffix that begins with a consonant. • A combining vowel IS NOT used before a suffix that begins with a vowel.

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