Bellringer

1. Bellringer • Find your new seat using the seating chart • On your own piece of paper, write down the QUESTIONS and the ANSWERS to the following without your notes: • Name three corruptions of the Medieval Church. • What is an indulgence? • Who was Martin Luther and what did he post? • What is the major belief of Lutheranism? • What is the major belief of Calvinism? • Bad Joke of the Day: Why can’t you keep secrets in a bank?

2. The Protestant Reformation

3. The Reformation in Germany • 1st: Germany had been part of the Holy Roman Empire (Catholic), however, after the Reformation began Princes in Northern Germany converted to Protestantism, ending the authority of the Pope in their states. • 1529: some princes who had remained loyal to the pope decided to join Martin Luther’s movement

4. The Princes who protested the Catholic Church became known as Protestants • Eventually the term Protestant was applied to Christians who belonged to non-Catholic Churches • 2nd: Fighting broke out over which religion should be the main religion in Germany. Eventually the Lutherans and Catholics signed a peace agreement, the Peace of Augsburg. However, they remained suspicious of each other and of the French Calvinists.

5. 3rd: In 1618 the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III who was a member of the Hapsburg family attempted to close some Protestant Churches. A revolt occurred and the Thirty Year War broke out.

6. The Thirty Year War (1618-1648) • The Thirty Year War was a conflict over religion, territory, and for power among European ruling families.

7. 2 Phases of the War • Hapsburg Family (Catholics) was winning • The Hapsburgs were a very wealthy ruling family. For years the head of the Hapsburg family became the German king and Holy Roman Emperor. They were Catholic.

8. 2. Hapsburg Family (Catholics) was defeated • The French began to fear that the Hapsburgs were gaining too much power so the French got involved. Cardinal Richelieu, a French man, dominated the remaining years of the war. Richelieu was a Catholic, but he feared the Hapsburgs were gaining too much power, so he decided to help the Protestants. Richelieu, a French Catholic sent troops to help defeat the Hapsburgs.

9. Huh? What’s wrong with this picture?

10. **IMPORTANT** • Because Cardinal Richelieu went against his religion of Catholicism, he changed the war from a religious war (Protestant vs. Catholics) to a political war (Hapsburg ruling family vs. the French nobility)

11. Peace of Westphalia • Ended the 30 Year War • Results: • 4 million died, trade and agriculture was disrupted and Germany’s economy was ruined • 1st: Weakened the Hapsburg states of Spain and Austria • 2nd: Strengthened France by awarding it German territory • 3rd: Ended Religious Wars in Europe

12. Bellringer • Go over anything you might need last minute, INCLUDING the parts of a Compare/Contrast Essay • Have out on your desk a No. 2 pencil and 2 blank pieces of paper. • Bad Joke of the Day: Why were screams coming from the kitchen?

14. Bellringer • Complete the daily quiz using your homework and your brain ONLY. • Have your homework out on your desk so I can check it—you have until I finish checking homework to complete it. • Bad Joke of the Day: Why were screams coming from the kitchen?

15. Reformation in England • 1st: Anglican Church became the national church throughout England under Elizabeth I • Henry: Catholic turned Protestant • Edward: Protestants gained power • Mary: Catholic, killed many Protestants (Bloody Mary) • Elizabeth: Protestant (Anglican) but fair to Catholics

16. 2nd: The Reformation contributed to the rise of Capitalism • Capitalism is a social system based on the principle of individual rights and private ownership and the investment of money into businesses to make a profit. (No more overpowering Catholic Church) • Free individual business • Wages are paid for labor • Rise of banks

17. The Reformation in France • 1st: The Catholic Monarchy granted Protestant Huguenots (Calvinists) freedom of worship under the Edict of Nantes (later revoked). It granted Protestants rights in a Catholic nation. • 2nd: France was involved in the 30 Year War. Cardinal Richelieu changed the war from religious to political.

18. Catholic Counter Reformation • The Catholic Church mounted a series of reforms and reasserted its authority • Society of Jesus (The Jesuits) was founded to spread Catholic doctrine around the world. The society consisted of clergy committed to educating people about Catholicism and conduct missionary work.

19. The Inquisition was established to reinforce Catholic doctrine. During the Inquisition Catholics would seek out and punish people for going against the Catholic church. (Heresy) • Council of Trent-tried to fix problems- decided Martin Luther was wrong and that Christians needed both faith and good works, not just faith to get to heaven. False indulgences should be banned and the church’s interpretation of the Bible was the only one allowed.

21. How the Reformation and the Counter Reformation Changed Cultural Values and Traditions • Growth of Secularism: the exclusion of religion and supernatural beliefs (lives no longer revolved around the church) • Growth of Individualism: being yourself and not what the church wants • Growth of Religious Tolerance: religious freedom to people of all religions

22. Role of the Printing Press • Growth of literacy • Bible printed in English, French, and German • Spreading the Renaissance and Reformation ideas