Bellringer

1. Bellringer • Think of one (or several) “Good Speeches” • List at least FIVE Characteristics of the speech that made it good. • What does a good speech do? • What does it contain???

2. Extemporaneous Speaking How to impress adults and alienate your friends. ☺

3. What it do? • 30 minutes to prepare one of five (or three) topics • Use our research database to come up with content • Topics are about current events • Watch the news! • Seven minute maximum • No notes can be used • Doesn’t mean memorized • We will choose informative or persuasive ahead of time • Follow the formula

4. The Formula… • Introduction: • Attention Getting Device • Link to Topic/Background • Significance Statement • Source • State question exactly • Answer question • Provide a preview (Just like an English Thesis)

5. The Formula… • Introduction • 3 Body Points • Topic Sentence • Evidence • Analysis • Link to Your Answer • Evidence • Analysis • Link to Your Answer • Ending Sentence

6. The Formula… • Introduction • 3 Body Points • Conclusion • Re-state three points • Re-State question and answer • Link back to attention getting device • End with a “final” Statement

7. But First... • Topic = Questions • SO ANSWER THEM!!! • Each of your body points are reasons why your answer is correct!

8. Introduction • Good attention getting devices are... • Interesting • Retelling - Narrative or Story (Beginning, Middle, End) • Real - Movies, TV, Books are OK. NO “Imagine if…” • Relevant - connection not a stretch; NOT PERSONAL • No… • Singing, cursing, acting • Redundant info (we’re HS educated), spoilers, questions, religion • Don’t go over 30 seconds (AGD)

9. Link/Backround... • How does the introduction relate? • Avoid “canning” • What do I need to know to make sense of your topic? • Recent Events • Teach Us • You’re question presupposes other things.

10. Significance Statement • Why is yours important? • Answers one or more of the following: • Why does this matter? • Why is this relevant NOW? • Why this particular quesiton? • You had three (or five) topics to choose from. Why this one? Why did the topic writers include this one?

11. Source Question • Non-negotiable. • You have to have at least one. • Bonus points: Maybe use a book! • Credibility • Exact. Word for word. No changes. • This should come about 1 minute into speech.

12. Answer • Immediately after the question, give an answer. Say “and the answer is…” • Keep it clear and definitive. • “Maybe”, “Kinda”, “Yes/No” are NOT acceptable. • There has to be a REASON why. • Umbrella answers: • For open-ended questions, you need a way to organize your topic. • Example: “How can we make LHS better?” • Umbrella answer: “focusing on the students”

13. Preview Statement • Each point is a reason why you’re right. • Start with the word “because”. They do that because they are reasons. (See?) • Short-simple sentences. • Question = plan? Three elements of a plan.

14. Example - Read it! Last night’s Daily Show featured a story of China hacking the New York Times database to steal users passwords and personal information. Apparently, they stole all the news that’s fit to print. But Chinese attempts to shut down our press are not the only way China is using the internet as a weapon. Over the past few years, China has been developing its cyber infrastructure to monitor, manipulate, and maneuver its way through America’s most classified information. As this week’s Economist explains, America is woefully unprepared to shield itself from Chinese attacks.

15. Example - Keep Going... It is because China’s rise poses a grave threat to American supremacy and because America’s internet as at the epicenter of its economy, we must ask the question ‘How can the US best protect itself from Chinese cyber attacks?’ and the answer is by bolstering its defenses. It can do so in three ways: first, by improving funding for cyber security efforts, second by engaging in international cooperation, and finally by relying more on the private sector for research.

16. Your Turn • Choose a topic on the next slide (or get one approved by me). • Develop a 90 second (roughly) introduction that includes all parts. • Memorize it. • Perform it tomorrow! (TODAY!!!)

17. Class Topics – Choose One • Who should the GOP choose as its nominee for President? • Will there be an end to the Syrian Civil War? • What is the biggest threat to the United States? • What plans does Greg Abbott have for Texas? • Are US-Russia relations on the downfall? • Why is China altering its One-Child Policy? • Is the United States economy headed for a downturn?

18. Body Points • The “Meat” of the Speech • Most of your information/Prep will be spent here • Use this time to educate us • Confidence is key • Help us understand. • Each one should be about 1:30-1:45. • Explain, explain, explain • This shows that… • What this means is… • This is important because…

19. Unified Analysis • Each point is a reason, independent of the others, why your answer is right. • Try listing each point with the word “because”. Trigger word. • NO “areas of analysis”. • This is an ARGUMENT, not a DEBATE. • Claim: reason you’re offering (must be provable). • Backing: evidence supporting claim; Sources, evidence, stats... • Warrant: reason WHY your claim supports your thesis.

20. Substructure • 1. Theory/Application/Implication • 2. Chain Reaction Analysis • 3. Problem/Cause/Solution • 4. Cause/Effect/Solution • 5. Chronological • 6. Example/Example/Impact • One of the biggest things this unit will test is your ability to CONSTRUCT LOGICAL ARGUMENTS.

21. Transitions • 1. Weave - use elements of your AGD • 2. Proverb/quotation • 3. Set up/On top analysis • 4. Example • Numbers aren’t adverbs. • e.g NO: First, second, third. • Transitional Phrase → Pause, Say # → Pause, Say Tagline of Point

22. Conclusion • Looks, sounds like introduction…in reverse • Much shorter (:30-:45) • Must provide a sense of finality • Don’t discuss any major new things • End on a strong note - NEVER SAY “THANK YOU!”

23. Every good speech should… • Tell them what you’re going to tell them • Tell them • Tell them what you told them

24. Aristotle’s Principles • Father of public address • Philosophy: “A good [person] speaking well” • 3 Cornerstones • Ethos • Pathos • logos

25. Ethos – “Ethics” • YOU as a speaker • Confident • Trustworthy • Polite • Bringing in research • Prepared

26. Pathos – “Path” • How do we connect with audiences/people? • Share emotional connections • Respectfully talk about issues • Not appropriate about all topics • Can be a great persuasive tactic

27. Logos – “Logic” • Strong analysis • Well-reasoned arguments • Every speech is making a point • Intelligently spoken

28. The Extemp Walk • It’s hard to stand still • “The Walk” • Start in the middle of the speaking space (introduction) • Walk diagonally (little) forward to right or left (Pt. 1) • Walk straight across the space to the other side (pt. 2) • Walk back to the middle, about a step in front of intro (Pt. 3) • Take a step forward (conclusion) • Purposeful movement

29. Technique of Speaking • Gestures – not distracting • Voice – vary tone, rate, speeds • Facial expression – engage with audience • Charm goes a long way • Organization – critical component • VARIETY – we need some difference in our life! • Sound good – even if for a while the content is lacking

30. Technique of Speaking • Avoid: first person pronouns. • Try for some of the same things that make English essays good! • Make a good first impression - easy to reinforce; hard to break down! • Smile and create a space in the room. • Speed - slow = important; faster = less important. Variety! • Facial expressions - MOUTH and EYES!

31. Your Turn • Go back to the topic you chose. • Prepare one point. You listed three in your introduction. Choose one. OUTLINE. • Deliver it to your computer. Dictation service (maybe voice texting?). • Print two copies. • Edit one copy - improve your writing, which improves your speaking. • Turn both copies in. (One is the original. The second is the marked up edit.)