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Early Peoples

Early Peoples. Adaptations. Upright posture Hands that can grasp objects Large brains. Homo Habilis:“Skillful Human”. Homo Erectus: “Upright Human”. Homo Sapiens. Adaptation. Early Tools. Early Tools. The Ice Age. The Ice Age.

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Early Peoples

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  1. Early Peoples

  2. Adaptations • Upright posture • Hands that can grasp objects • Large brains

  3. Homo Habilis:“Skillful Human”

  4. Homo Erectus: “Upright Human”

  5. Homo Sapiens

  6. Adaptation

  7. Early Tools

  8. Early Tools

  9. The Ice Age

  10. The Ice Age • From about 2 000 000 to 12 000 years ago, huge sheets of ice, called glaciers, covered much of Northern Asia, Europe, and North America. • Even parts of the world that were not covered in ice were impacted by climate changes such as wet and dry periods.

  11. The Ice Age

  12. The Ice Age • The Ice Ages had a great impact on humans and our evolution. To survive, humans learned to adapt to very different conditions. Many moved from their original homelands in Africa, and eventually across the world.

  13. The Ice Age • Lower ocean levels during the Ice Age exposed a number of land bridges, which allowed movement to new areas. The particular area to which humans spread affected the societies that developed there. • Factors such as climate, as well as isolation from other groups led to differences among peoples and, therefore, unique societies evolved.

  14. The Ice Age

  15. The Stone Age

  16. The Stone Age • The period from almost 2.5 million years ago to about 5500 years ago is called the Stone Age. During this time, stone was the material people used to create tools.

  17. The Stone Age • The Stone Age can be divided into three (3) distinct eras (time periods): • Paleolithic Times:old stone age, 2.5-12 000 years ago. • Mesolithic Times:middle stone age, 12 000 – 10 000 years ago. • Neolithic Times:new stone age, 10 000 – 5500 years ago.

  18. Paleolithic Times:old stone age, 2.5-12 000 years ago • 2.5 to 12 000 years ago • at first, people were hunters and gatherers • later, early humans started to hunt • developed very simple tools • tools began with sharpened sticks and eventually included sharpened rocks

  19. Mesolithic Times:middle stone age, 12 000 – 10 000 years ago • During this time the world went through a warming period. Humans had to adapt to the new conditions. • In the Middle East, humans learned to harvest wild wheat and barley, which provided a reliable food source that enabled humans to stay in once place for long periods of time. • Humans developed new tools, such as the scythe, to harvest their new food sources.

  20. Scythe

  21. Neolithic Times:new stone age, 10 000 – 5500 years ago • In some parts of the world humans begin to farm and become food producers rather than gatherers. • Humans settled in one place, grew crops, and tended animals such as sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs. • People developed new tools such as sickles, grinding stones, pots, and looms. • Humans begin to polish and grind stones to make tools.

  22. Neolithic Tools

  23. Hunters and Gatherers

  24. Hunters and Gatherers • Nomadic:people & societies constantly move and do not settle in one place. • Hunter-Gatherers: people & societies who do not grow their own food (but do hunt animals and gather wild plants). All hominid societies before 8000 BCE were nomadic hunter-gatherers.

  25. Hunters and Gatherers • It is believed that the earliest humans lived in small bands of about 20 people, an extended family of about three generations. • Their main source of food was gathered plants. They did eat some meat which they scavenged from: • Leftover kills by larger animals • Smaller animals that were easy to trap or catch

  26. Hunters and Gatherers • The primary role of all members of the band was foraging for food- the key to survival. • Communication probably consisted of gestures, signs, and grunts.

  27. Apply Your Knowledge

  28. Aspects of Hunter-Gatherer Societies

  29. Art • Paintings have been found in France, Spain, and Africa. They depicted animals, human portraits, and human hands. Reds, yellows and blacks were used. • Scientists believe that the paintings had religious meanings. Some were painted in “secret” locations.

  30. Art • “Goddess of the Earth” statues may have been used in fertility rituals. • Musical instruments including whistles, flutes, drums, rattles, and castanets have been found. The may have been used in fertility rituals.

  31. Death Rituals • Some people were dressed in furs, and decorated with beads and jewelry before burial. • They were also often surrounded by weapons and animal bones.

  32. Hunting and Diet • Men hunted herd animals in grasslands (buffalo), and smaller game (deer, beaver, ducks, and geese) in forests. • Fishing became more common as the world warmed. • Women gathered wild plants, grasses, and grains. As such, the invention of many tools have been attributed to women. • In some places, the hunters provided one-third to one-half as much food as the gatherers.

  33. Division of Labour

  34. Images courtesy of: • Scienceblogs.org • Wikipedia.org • Eternitynessy8.blog.com • Unmaskingevolution.com • Uvm.edu • Invisiblemikey.wordpress.com

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