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Bellringer

Bellringer. Read the Quranic verses about commerce : What trends do you notice in the Quranic verses? Cite two examples from the text to support your conclusion. Islam spreads. to : South Asia Southeast Asia Africa …the power of trade. Islam & Trade.

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Bellringer

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  1. Bellringer Read the Quranic verses about commerce : • What trends do you notice in the Quranic verses? • Cite two examples from the text to support your conclusion.

  2. Islam spreads to: South Asia Southeast Asia Africa …the power of trade

  3. Islam & Trade • “O you who believe, devour not excessive interest, doubling the sum lent. Fear Allah, that you may really prosper.” (Quran) • “Give just measure & cause no loss to others by fraud. Weigh with scales true & upright. Withhold not things justly due to men.” (Quran) • “Truthfulness leads to righteousness, & righteousness leads to Paradise. Falsehood leads to wickedness, & wickedness leads to Hell.” (Hadith) • “Gold is to be paid for by gold, silver by silver, wheat by wheat - equal for equal, payment being made on the spot. If the species differ, sell as you wish provided that payment is made on the spot.” (Hadith)

  4. South/Southeast Asia Chapter 7

  5. Interactions • Islamicsociety interacted with India & SE Asia very differently • India = military & territorial conflict • SE Asia = commerce • Islam spread to practitioners in India & SE Asia through conversion similarly

  6. India • After Gupta, controlled by regional kingdoms • Arab & Turkish control gradually increased during period • From military raids for revenge • To raids for wealth & spoils of war • To land grabs & formation of Muslim ruled kingdom

  7. India • Still, least affected region of Dar al-Islam • Flexibility of Hinduism (Bhaktic cults) • Islam gained converts among poor & Buddhists, but mostly diffused Indian culture • “Arabic” numerals

  8. SE Asia • Land of trade & converging influence • Lots of contact with India and China • Complex cultural mix: • Animistic origins • Classical exposure to Hinduism & Buddhism

  9. SE Asia • Dominated by 3 power zones • Khmer Empire on mainland • various kingdoms on Java • Srivijayan Empire on Malay Peninsula & Sumatra

  10. Khmer Empire • Capital @ Angkor • Buddhist & Hindu influences

  11. Hinduism - ANKOR-WAT (Cambodia)

  12. Java • Rich volcanic soils & rainforest climate • Agriculturally productive (3 rice crops) • Well-positioned for trade of spices

  13. Buddhism - BOROBUDUR

  14. Hinduism- PRAMBANAN

  15. Srivijayan • Controlled Malacca (most important port) • Buddhist • Long contact with Muslim merchants • Arabs & Indians • Monsoon winds fostered lengthy visits & thus greater cultural exchange

  16. Spread of Islam in SE Asia • Fall of Srivijayan dynasty provided an opening for Islamic conversion • Islamic conversion of Malacca created domino effect

  17. Spread of Islam in SE Asia • Islam spread peacefully through: • Trade • Muslim brotherhood of trust • Sufis • Mystical approach to Islam (3rd branch) • Allowed for much greater tolerance & local adaptation • Conversion easier among animists • Reason for greater influence than in India

  18. Come, come, whoever who are, Wanderer, worshiper, lover of leaving. It doesn’t matter. Ours is a caravan of despair. Come, even if you have broken your vow a thousand times, Come, yet again, come, come. Sufism Read the summary of Sufism : 1)How does Sufism differ from orthodox Islam? 2) Why were Sufis instrumental in spreading Islam to India & SE Asia? 3) Cite examples from the poems that would make Sufism attractive to Hindus. Buddhists? Animists?

  19. Overarching Idea… Cultures spread through syncretism?

  20. Blending & Accommodation • As religions spread, they are somewhat forced to accommodate local traditions to gain converts • Example: • Christianity & European paganism → Halloween, Christmas

  21. Blending & Accommodation in SE Asia?

  22. Indonesian Mosque

  23. Indonesian Mosque

  24. Southeast Asia through Maps

  25. c. 800 CE -Chinese influence seen in Buddhism practice in Vietnam -Indian influence seen in Hinduism on mainland & Buddhism on western islands -outer reaches of SE Asian society still dominated by animism

  26. c. 1000 CE -Islam converts many poor & Buddhists in Bengal through trade, but trade contacts do not yet bring conversion in SE Asia -Srivijayan dynasty spreads Buddhist influence -Java shifts to Hinduism (Prambanan)

  27. c. 1250 CE -Fall of Srivijayan dynasty & control of Malacca opens path for Islamic conversion late in postclassical period, particularly in port cities & among animists

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