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Respiratory Physiology

Respiratory Physiology. Respiratory System. - Supply the body with o 2 and dispose of co 2 Respiration: Pulmonary ventilation (~breathing) External respiration (gas exchange between blood & lungs)

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Respiratory Physiology

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  1. Respiratory Physiology

  2. Respiratory System - Supply the body with o2 and dispose of co2 Respiration: • Pulmonary ventilation (~breathing) • External respiration (gas exchange between blood & lungs) • Transport of respiratory gases (transport of gases between the lungs and tissues cells, accomplished by the cardiovascular system, using blood as the transport vehicle) • Internal respiration (gas exchange between systemic blood & tissue cells)

  3. Lung Volumes & Capacities • Spirometry • Spirogram: record of volume change vs. time (inspiration & expiration) • Spirometer

  4. Total Lung Capacities • Tidal Volume (TV): amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions ~500mL • Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV): amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled at the end of a tidal inhalation M~3300mL vs. F~1900mL • Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV): amount of air that can be maximally exhaled at the end of a tidal exhalation M~1000mL vs. F~700mL • Residual Volume (RV): the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of a maximal respiration M~1200mL (33% of VC) vs. F~1000mL (25% of VC)

  5. Figure 2

  6. Pulmonary Capacities • Inspiratory Capacity (IC): • IC = TV + IRV • Expiratory Capacity (EC): • EC = TV + ERV • Functional Residual Capacity (FRC): • FRC = ERV + RV • Vital Capacity (VC): • VC = TV + IRV + ERV • Total Lung Capacity • TLC = TV + IRV + ERV +RV

  7. Predicted VC • Male • VC = 0.052H – 0.022A – 3.60 • Female • VC = 0.041H – 0.018A – 2.69 VC= L H= cm A= years

  8. Factors • Age- PC decrease • Gender- F<M • Weight- increase with size • Physical condition- increase with activity

  9. Obstructive vs. Restrictive Lung Disease • Obstructive pulmonary disease: airflow into & out of the lungs is reduced • Ex. Asthma (brochial tubes), Emphysema (alveoli), COPD (lung) • Restrictive pulmonary disease: reduced lung volume (TLC, VC, or resting lung vol) • Ex. Intrinsic (lungs) vs. extrinsic (chest wall) lung diseases

  10. Experiment B • Forced VC (FVC): maximal amount of air that a person can forcibly exhale after a maximal inhalation • Forced EV (FEV): % of FVC that a person forcibly expels in intervals of 1, 2, & 3sec • FEV = (vol of air exhaled in 1 sec/ VC) X 100

  11. Experiment B: segment 2 MVV • DO THIS 1st!!!!! • Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV): pulmonary function test that combines volume & flow rates to assess overall pulmonary ventilation. • Hyperventilate for 15sec • MVV = (avg vol/cycle) X (number of cycles/min)

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