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Early Civilizations

Explore the rise of ancient civilizations in Western Asia, Egypt, India, and China, their key developments, struggles, and spiritual dimensions. Learn about the influential empires and dynasties that shaped early human history.

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Early Civilizations

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  1. Early Civilizations Chapter 1 Lesson 1

  2. Essential Question • What were a few of the ancient civilizations to emerge?

  3. Western Asia and Egypt • Mesopotamia and Egypt built what is seen as the first civilizations. • They developed cities and struggled with problems of organized City-States • Invented writing and kept detailed records • Delt with fundamental issues: Nature of human relationships, nature of universe, and divine forces in the universe.

  4. Western Asia and Egypt • By 1500 BCE Mesopotamia and Egypt were on decline and left space for other small nations to rise. • 1200 BCE Phoenicians created a trading empire in Mediterranianand their alphabet was adopted by Greeks and Romans • Kingdom of Israel, but once splits in 10 BCE is significantly weaker and taken over.

  5. Spiritual Dimension of Israel • They are monotheistic • They believe that they are the “Chosen People.” • God is to protect them and provide them with a homeland “The Promised Land.” • They developed the Torah, which hold their laws they need to obey

  6. Teaching on Law and Morality • 10 Commandments- stress religious and individual conduct • Thou shall not kill • Don’t steal • Not commit adultery (don’t cheat) • Don’t worship any other gods, but their God. • Jews believed God used prophets to speak to the people

  7. First Civilizations: Ancient India • Indus River Valley supported civilizations between 3000 BCE & 1500 BCE. • 2 Major cities were Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro • Decline with new people and internal issues

  8. First Civilizations: Ancient India • Blending of Aryans (who migrated) and Dravidians (descendants of Indus people). • Created a new culture and rigid caste system • Two major religions have developed in area: Hinduism and Buddhism • Two Empires that existed: Mauryan (324-183 BCE) & Gupta (320-late 400’s CE)

  9. First Civilizations: Ancient China • China was last to emerge & started with Shang dynasty • Developed a system of writing, lunar calendar, advanced skills in bronze vessels • Under Zhou dynasty, lasted almost 800 years and is how we see ancient China • Established Mandate of Heaven or divine right of kings to rule

  10. First Civilizations: Ancient China • Schools of Thought: Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism all create order in society • Additional Dynasties: Quin (came to power after 200 yr civil war), Han (last more than 400 yrs), and Xiongnu (comes to power in 2nd Century BCE) • China eventually will be threatened by the North and internal difficulties

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