Pectoral Girdle

1. Pectoral Girdle

2. Pectoral Girdle 1) Clavicle 2) Upper Border of Scapula 3) Spine of the Scapula 4) Coracoid Process 5) Glenoid cavity 6) Lesser Tubercle 7) Surgical neck of humerus 8) Scapula 9) Lateral border of scapula 10) Medial border of scapula 11) Inferior border of scapula

3. Clavicle • Dermal element—attached to skull by derivative of primitive gill muscles • Tubular, “S-shaped” bone

4. Clavicle • Sternoclavicular joint stable in apes & humans, unlike quadrupedal monkeys • Clavicle lacks medullary (bone marrow) cavity like other long bones

5. Clavicle—Articulations • Medial (sternal) end • Articulates w/ clavicular notch of sternum • Rounded & flared • Lateral (acromial) end • Articulates w/ acromian process of scapula • Flattened superoinferiorly

6. Ossification of Clavicle • First bone to ossify by week 5-6 in utero • Last bone to fuse (range from ~20-30 years)

7. Clavicle—Features • Sternal facet • Muscle attachments for pectoralis major, deltoideus, & trapezius

8. Clavicle (RT) Pectoralis major Deltoideus Sternal facet Trapezius

9. Clavicle—Features • Costal tuberosity (impression) • Subclavian sulcus (groove) • Conoid tubercle • Rhomboid fossa

10. Clavicle (RT) Conoid tubercle Trapezoid (oblique) line Costal tuberosity (impression) Subclavian sulcus (groove) Rhomboid fossa

11. Clavicle—Features • Rhomboid fossa • Costoclavicular (Rhomboid) ligament—attaches first rib to clavicle & stabilizes pectoral girdle • Shallow or deep fossae • Often present, especially in males • Sometimes tubercle, or roughened impressions, are apparent at same location

12. Clavicle—Siding • Medial end is round, lateral end is flattened superoinferiorly • Conoid tubercle is always: • Posterior, inferior, & lateral (Remember PIL) • Place in anatomical position within the body

13. Scapula • Flat, triangular bone • Posterior (dorsal) surface • Anterior (ventral, costal) surface • Articulates w/ clavicle & humerus

14. Ossification of Scapula • 7 or more centers • Body – 1 • Coracoid process – 2 • Acromion – 2 • Vertebral border – 1 • Inferior angle – 1

15. Scapula

16. Scapula—Features • Anterior view • Superior angle • Superior (cranial) border • Scapular notch or foramen • Variable expression • Coracoid process • Subscapular fossa • Medial (vertebral) border • Lateral (axillary) border • Oblique ridges

17. Scapula—Features • Posterior view • Acromion process • Supraspinous fossa • Infraspinous fossa • Scapular spine • Superior angle • Inferior angle

18. Scapula—Features Supraglenoid tubercle • Lateral view • Glenoid fossa (cavity) • Supraglenoidtubercle • Infraglenoid tubercle • Scapular neck Scapular neck Infraglenoid tubercle

19. Scapula—Siding • Spine is posterior • Glenoid fossa is lateral • Coracoid & acromion processes are superolateral • Inferior angle is inferior

20. Upper Limb

21. Upper Limb

22. Shoulder Joint

23. Humerus

24. Humerus • Largest bone of upper limb • Proximal end has rounded head • Distal end flattened

25. Humerus—Articulations • Glenoid of scapula medially • Ulna distally at trochlear surface (medial) • Radius distally at capitular surface (lateral)

26. Elbow joint (3 functional parts) • Ulnohumeral joint • Radiohumeral joint • Radioulnar joint

27. Ossification of Humerus • 8 centers • Body • Head • Greater tubercle • Lesser tubercle • Capitulum • Trochlea • Lateral epicondyle • Medial epicondyle

28. Humerus—Features Proximal (anterior) • Head • Anatomical neck • Surgical neck • Greater tubercle • Less tubercle • Intertubercular groove (sulcus) • Deltoid tuberosity

29. Humerus—Features Distal (anterior) • Nutrient foramen • Oriented toward elbow • Anteromedially located • Coronoid fossa • Trochlea • Capitulum • Medial epicondyle • Lateral epicondyle • Radial fossa

30. Humerus—Features Distal (posterior) • Olecranon fossa • Medial epicondyle • Lateral epicondyle

31. Humerus—Siding • Head medial • Greater & lesser tubercle anterior • Olecranon fossa posterior • Nutrient foramen position

32. Nutrient Foramen Position

33. Radius

34. Radius • Lateral bone of forearm • Moves around fixed ulna during pronation & supination • Radius & ulna united by interosseousmembrane • Articulates w/ humerus proximally & ulna medially, & proximal carpus

35. Ossification of Radius • 3 centers • Body – 1 • Proximal epiphysis – 1 • Distal epiphysis – 1

36. Radius—Features Proximal end (anterior) • Head • Articular fovea • Neck • Radial tuberosity • Nutrient foramen • Oblique line

37. Radius—Features Distal end (anterior) • Interosseouscrest • Styloid process • Ulnar notch • Dorsal tubercle M L

38. Radius—Features Distal end (medial) Distal end (posterior) Dorsal (Lister’s) tubercle • Ulnar notch • Styloidprocess

39. Radius—Siding • Head—proximal • Styloid—distal • Anterior surface—flatter than posterior • Radial tuberosity, ulnar notch & nutrient foramen—medial

40. Ulna • Medial bone of forearm • Articulates w/ humerus proximally & radius laterally

41. Ossification of Ulna • 3 centers • Body – 1 • Proximal epiphysis – 1 • Distal epiphysis – 1

42. Ulna—Features Proximal end (anterior) • Olecranon process • Ulnar (brachial) tuberosity • Coronoid process • Nutrient foramen • Interosseouscrest • Radial notch

43. Ulna—Features Proximal end (medial) • Olecranon process • Trochlear (semilunar) notch • Ulnar (brachial) tuberosity • Coronoid process • Nutrient foramen • Interosseouscrest

44. Ulna—Features Distal end (anterior) Distal end (posterior) Extensor carpi ulnarisgroove (on lateral side) • Ulnar head • Styloid process M L

45. Ulna—Siding • Olecranon—proximal • Styloid process & head—distal • Radial notch & interosseouscrest—lateral